Murray — Scarabs in the Dublin Museum. 33 



"wom scarab of this king, with a rude representation on each side of 

 the crown of Lower Egypt. No. 6 is a square plaque engraved on 

 both sides ; obverse, the royal cai'touche, flanked by serpents, wearing 

 respectively the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt, symbolising, as in 

 the case of the two Mies, the sovereignty of the king over the two 

 parts of Egypt. On the reverse, is the king as the sphinx, wearing the 

 double crown ; behind him the serpent, emblem of power, and the 

 winged disk, emblem of protection ; beneath is the sign Neb, Lord. 

 No. 7 has merely the king's title, followed by the epithet " Chosen of 

 Ea." 



No. 8 is the throne-name of Thothmes IV., Menkheperu-Ra, finished 

 with the Neb sign below. 



No. 9 is doubtful, though it may possibly be Neb-maat-Ra, the 

 throne-name of Amenhetep III. The throne-name was assumed by the 

 king when he actually succeeded to the crown. It is always com- 

 pounded with the name Ea, showing the king's descent from the sun- 

 god Ea. The thi-one-name is the one generally used on scarabs, though 

 the personal name is occasionally found. 



No. 10 belongs to a very curious class of scarab which, as Professor 

 Peti'ie has shown, contain the names of two kings. In some scarabs — 

 unfortunately this collection has no specimen of the kind — the hiero- 

 glyphs are so an'anged that one sign will do duty in both names. In 

 this scarab the names are Thothmes III. of the XYIIIth dynasty, and 

 Sety I. of the XlXth dynasty, two kings separated by a space of more 

 than a hundi'ed years. Obverse, the throne-name of Sety I., Men- 

 maat-Ea, associated with the crown of Lower Egypt, a couchant lion, 

 and the Neb sign. Eeverse, the throne-name of Thothmes III., 

 Men-kheper-Ea, the crown of Lower Egypt, the hieroglyphic titles of 

 the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, the sign Nefer (good luck or 

 happiness), and the Neb-sign. It is interesting to observe that in this 

 specimen the bee, the hieroglyph for the king of Lower Egypt, is much 

 larger than the hieroglyph for the parallel title of the king of Upper 

 Egypt. This, taken in conjunction with the constant occurrence of 

 the crown of Lower Egypt, would seem to show that the title has a 

 specially symbolic significance. Another explanation is that these 

 scarabs were made in Lower Egypt. In all other places, except on 

 scarabs, the dominion of Upper Egypt takes precedence over Lower 

 Egypt, so much so that it it is a generally received opinion that the 

 king of Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt and added the title to 

 the one he already possessed. 



No. 11 is the throne-name of Eameses II.j'.User-Maat-Ea, of the 



R.I.A. PROC, VOL. XXIV., SEC. c] [3] 



