34 ; Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



XlXth dynasty, surmounted by a design of lotus flowers and buds. 

 Next to Tbotbmes III., this king's scarabs are the most common. 



IS'o, 12, Ba-en-Ra, Merenptah, son and successor of Eameses II. 

 This king is usually supposed to be the Pharaoh of the Exodus. No. 1 3 

 is of an obscure king, Se-Amen, of whom little is known but the name. 



No. 14, the last of the royal scarabs in this collection, is that of 

 Shishak II., Kheper-sekhem-Ea, abbreviated to Kheper-Ea, and sui'- 

 rounded by a conventional cord border. This Shishak was the 

 descendant and successor of Shishak I. who defeated Eehoboam and 

 spoiled the temple of its golden shields. Nos. 15 and 16 are doubtful. 

 They may be royal, but I think that they belong to?the next class. 



II. Besides these there are only two private-name scarabs in this 

 collection. 



No. 17, Mentu-sa. 



No. 18, son of the sun, ? Nefer-Maat. 



III. The extremely interesting series of scarabs, apparently struck 

 like medals to commemorate some great event, are unfortunately quite 

 unrepresented here. In Professor Petrie's collection there are several 

 specimens of Thothmes III. They are all of the same type — the king's 

 name in a cartouche, followed by the record of the event, e.g. born in 

 Thebes, crowned in Thebes, and so on. The great scarabs of Amen- 

 hetep III., recording his hunting and lake-making exploits as well as 

 his marriage, are too well known to need description. 



IV. This class of scarab presents many difficulties, and it is almost 

 impossible to say anything about them. They may have been seals of 

 office, but some are probably amulitic. 



No. 19, of the Vlth dynasty, shows the bee of Lower Egypt, 

 and a quadruped of uncertain character. 



No. 20. The royal title Sa Ea (Son of the Sun), the unoccupied 

 space being filled with a lotus flower. 



No. 21. Hieroglyphs giving the ordinary title of the sovereign,. 

 King of Upper and Lower Egypt. 



No. 22. The King as Lord of the Two Lands. 



No. 23. The Living Horus, Lord of the Two Lands. 



No. 24. The servant of Ea. This is read backwards. 



V. Scarabs bearing the names of gods are apparently mere 

 charms, the wearer being placed in this manner under the special 

 protection of the god. 



Nos. 25-27. Amen-Ea. 



