36 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 



I am mclined to place in this class ISTo. 28 with the doubtful read- 

 ing "Amen-Ra, king of the North and South, Lord of the Two 

 Lands." 



YI. AND YII. Sacred signs, and charms expressed in words are so 

 closely connected that it is impossible to separate them with any 

 accuracy. They form the largest class of scarabs and are undoubtedly 

 amulets against evil. So little have scarabs been studied — Professor 

 Petrie's Blistorical Scarabs is the only book giving anything like a 

 classification of the subject, and he unfortunately confines himself 

 entirely to E,oyal Scarabs — that amulitic scarabs are still an ujisolved 

 mystery. 



ISTo. 29. Khonsu as protection. Khonsu appears from a popular 

 story to have been the chief protector against evil spiiits. 



Scarabs engraved with the Boat of Ra form a large division of the 

 amulitic class. They are placed by Professor Petrie in the XXIInd 

 dynasty. 



Ko. 30. Worthy before the Boat of Ra. 



1^0. 31. The Boat of Ra, [therefore] fear not. 



Nos. 32 and 33. The legends on these are not decipherable. 



No. 34. Gladdening [literally. Enlarging] of the heart, establish- 

 ing goodness, giving life. 



No. 35. Life and Happiness. Or perhaps " Life and Luck " is a 

 better rendering. 



Nos. 36-47 are unti'anslateable. No one has yet ventured to 

 suggest how the perfectly legible hieroglyphs of amulitic scarabs 

 should be read. 



Nos. 48 and 49, though also untranslateable, show the worship of 

 the Sun-god Ra under the form of an obelisk. 



No. 50 gives the Crown of Lower Egypt, and two untranslateable 

 signs. 



VIIL Sacred animals and figures are placed on scarabs with some 

 idea of protection. 



The lion (No. 51), the fish (52), the Kzard (53), and the croco- 

 diles (54 and 55), are animals who were supposed to possess powers 

 of enchantment. The double crocodiles figure largely in those 

 curious magical objects called Cippi of Horus, where the youthful 

 god is represented standing on two crocodiles. 



Nos. 56 and 57 are figures of deities, associated with the ostiich 

 feather, the emblem of Truth and Righteousness. 



