O'Beilly — Ancient Water-mills, Native and Foreign. 77 



the eight parts of the mill are referred to under the heading '^JDistress,^^ 

 " for the eight parts which constitute the mill, the ' spiing,' the mill- 

 race, 'the land of the pond,' the stone, 'the shaft,' 'the support- 

 ing stone,' 'the shaft stone,' 'the paddle wheel,' 'the axis,' 'the 

 hopper (cup comla),' so called because originally the bond-maid was 

 bound to mind it." These different parts as mentioned fit in fairly 

 with those pertaining to the mills with horizontal wheel already 

 described. 



At p. 141 this is commented on as follows: — '■'■For the eight partis 

 lohich constitute the mill, i.e. about the eight parts which are necessary 

 to the mill, as we shall explain hereafter. ' The spring ^^ i.e. from 

 which water comes, i.e. the water which is drawn, from the spring 

 rests on the land of the pond. ' The millrace,'' i.e. from the spring to 

 the pond, ' The land of the pond,^ i.e. they are the first requisite, i.e. 

 which is at the head of the ' en,' i.e. the water. ' The stone, i.e. the 

 second requisite, i.e. the upper stone. ' The shaft,'' (mol), i.e. the 

 third, i.e. this is its oy^n proper name. The '■supporting stone,' i.e. the 

 fourth, i.e. the lower stone. The ^ shaft stone,' i.e. the fifth, i.e. the little 

 stone which is under the head of the shaft, and on which the shaft 

 tiu-ns. '■ The paddle wheel' {'■ circeV), i.e. the sixth, i.e. {' dar a eel') 

 over its paddle the water flows. ' The axis^ i.e. the seventh, the 

 burden of the shaft is on it, i.e. the '■ ganuel.' ' The hopper' (cup) 

 i.e. the eighth, because it drops the corn out of itself into the upper 

 stone, i.e. the ' tual,' i.e. the perforated iron. The ' Comla,' i.e. 

 they are 2Li\. in place of a, bond-maid to a person, i.e. the whole mill, i.e. 

 the mill common to them all. For the lond-maid was hound to mind it, 

 i.e. for she was bound to mind everything of these which a person 

 wished ; or everything that one has, which is worth a ' cumhal' is 

 entitled to a gate (' Comla') to protect it, i.e. the whole mill, i.e. by a 

 gate (' Comla'), the restitution of which should have a stay of one 

 day; because the bond-maid (' Cumhal') is bound to protect it, and 

 one of its parts has a stay of one day, i.e. by a gate (' Comla '), the 

 value of which is four pennies for every man in the place. If both are 

 not supplied, it is full honour price ; if less, it is half honom' price." 

 There are several entries in vol. iii. relative to " mills " of which the 

 following is interesting, p. 391 : — " And when a man has the site of a 

 kiln, or of a mill of rightful land, or when he shall purchase, such it 

 makes a native freeman of him." 



Also similar entries in vol. iv., but not bearing on the question of 

 construction or form. 



In the preface to volume i. of this work (1864) the origin and 



