202 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 



between the two, and suggest that P. palustris is an offshoot of P. 

 Jierl'igrada, the latter exhibiting the light cephalothorax characteristic 

 of the young of dark-hued spiders of this genus, and also showing by 

 its discontinuous distribution that it is an old species. It is recorded 

 from England (Dorset, ^Northumberland), Scotland (Perthshire, 

 Argyllshire, Inverness-shire, Eoss-shire), jS'oi'way (Christiana, Sta- 

 vanger, Trondjem), Guernsey, Grermany (Hamburg), Austrian Poland, 

 ■and Russia (White Sea islands and Caucasus). 



Pardosa nigriceps (Thorell). 



Ulster, Connaught, !M!unster, Leinster. 



This is a common and widely distributed spider in Ireland, ranging 

 from counties of Donegal, Derry, and Antrim to Wexford and Cork 

 (Skibbereen) ; from Dublin to Connemara and Inishmore (Aran), as 

 ■well as into the far south-west (Yentry, Parknasilla, Berehaven). 

 Adult males are to be found in May, but females occur all through 

 the summer until October, carrying their egg-bags from June till 

 August. From my notes as to the occui'rence of young and immature 

 individuals, I believe that the eggs are hatched in summer, and that 

 the young spiders do not attain maturity until the spring of the second 

 year. Por in May and June newly-hatched individuals are observed ; 

 in autumn (September to ISTovember) one finds quite young spiders, 

 and also specimens about two-thirds grown, while in spring (llarch 

 and April) the immature males and females are evidently just about 

 to undergo the final result. P. nigriceps is a widespread species in 

 Great Eritain (Dorset, Isle of Man, Grampians). It is found in 

 JSTorway (northwards to 65° lat.), Sweden, and north-eastern Prance, 

 but apparently not in central or eastern Europe. 



Pardosa pullata (Clerck). 



Lycosa olscura, El. (Spid, G. E. I.). 



Ulster, Connaught, Munster, Leinster. 



This is perhaps the most universally distributed of all Irish spiders, 

 as it occurs in all sorts of localities — -waste and cultivated lands and 

 woods, and ascends 3000 feet on the mountains. It ranges over the 

 whole country from north to south and from east to west, occurring 

 on Achill Island, Inishmore (Aran), and in all the south-western 

 peninsulas (Dingle, Eerrynane, Eerehaven and Eere Island, Crook- 

 haven). Adult males are to be found as early as April, and on until 

 July ; females from May till September. The life cycle seems to be 

 the same as that of the preceding species, Irish examples of P. pul- 



