248 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



{a) The ancient surnames of this district still prevail here, and 

 the folloYring list gives all those now extant that could be traced : — 



Conneely. Griffin. 



Clogherty. Hynes (O'Heyne). 



Conroy. Keane. 



Cooney. King. 



Coyne. Lee (O'Lee, vel O'Lye). 



Devane (O'Dubhain). M'Donogh. 



Faherty. Alalia (or llalley). 



Plaherty. Quinn. 



Gannon (O'Concannon). Toole. 



Folan. 



The Tooles of this part of Connaught are a branch of the O'Tooles 

 of Leinster who settled in lar Connaught under the O'Flahertys. 

 The O'Lees "were the hereditary physicians to the O'Flahertys. The 

 great bulk of the names are those of adherents of the O'Flahertys 

 and 31'Donoghs. 



(5) The "Welsh or Angio-Xorman names on the list are Barrett, 

 Blake, ^ Joyce, and Walsh. Williams is usually the modern form of 

 j^l'Williams, a branch of the Bourkes (De Burgos). The Joyces 

 settled in the district in the thirteenth century by permission of the 

 O'Flahertys to whom they always acted as adherents and followers. 



IV. — Sociology. 



1. Occupations. — From the poverty of the soil and the overcrowd- 

 ing of the district the people are diiven to many shifts to make a 

 livelihood. With one or two exceptions none of the people can be 

 called farmers. The community is one of fishermen and kelp -burners, 

 who till a little land and keep a few cattle and sheep. As has been 

 stated in a previous section the average amount of cultivation for a 

 family is about an acre of potatoes and an acre of oats or barley, or in 

 some cases rye. The fields are small, irregular plots, varying in shape 

 with the conformation of the ground, and taking the shape of the 



' In the Appendix to 0' Flaherty's " H-Iar Connacht," O'Donovan states (p. 192) 

 that "Eiehard Caddie, dictus niger ov the Black a quo Blake," was the common 

 ancestor of all the present families of the name in the "West of Ireland. He was 

 Sheriff of Connaught in a.d. 1306 and ..." bailiffe of Gal way under Eiehard de 

 Burgo, the Eed Earl of Ulster in a.d. 1312." 



