268 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



VIII. — Concluding Remaeks. 



Yery little remains to be said. It woTild seem that the population 

 of these islands remains practically what it was generations ago, and 

 that the bulk of it is made up of the descendants of the old tribes, 

 the MacDonoghs, the OTlahertys, and families such as the Lees 

 and Conneelys, Tooles, Folans, and others which were adherents of 

 the Clan O'Elaherty. The other surnames to be found there are mostly 

 those of people who lived in adjacent territories, as the O'Maillis (now 

 Malia) and O'Heynes (Hynes), &c., from neighbouring parts of Gal- 

 way and Mayo, and the O'Loughlins and Vaughans from the opposite 

 coast of Clare. It may thus be presumed that the people of these 

 islands possess the characteristics of the ancient inhabitants of this 

 lar Connaght, their ancestors. It may be remarked that the people 

 here are, on the average, taller, more dolichocephalic, and of lower 

 nigrescence index (fairer-haired) than the inhabitants of any dis- 

 trict yet surveyed. In cephalic index (76-9, 74"9) and the fau'ness 

 of skin and hair, they resemble the Aran Islanders, but they are both 

 taller and stouter than the latter. 



Very hearty thanks are due to the Eev. E. A. Lavelle and his 

 brother, to Messrs. P. M'Donogh, J.P., of Crappagh, P. Toole, J. P., 

 of Lettermore, Dr. Connolly, Bealadangan, and Mr. P. Healy, National 

 teacher, Lettermullen, for the great assistance they afforded in the 

 work, for the valuable information received from them, and for the 

 great kindness experienced from them all. 



Very few books beyond official reports make any mention of these 

 islands. Reference may be made to the Reports of the Congested 

 Districts Board for Ireland, the Census Returns, and the Memoirs of 

 the Geological Survey of Ireland. Mention has been already made of 

 an article by Mr. E. Keogh, entitled, " In Garumna Island," which 

 appeared in the New Ireland Revieio, June, 1898. 



The Plates are from photographs taken in Garumna and Letter- 

 mullen by C. K. and J. M. Browne. 



Note added in the Press. 



The term "red weed," used in the mention of kelp manufacture, 

 means the brown Immnaria, and not any of the really red seaweeds 

 which are not used. "Black weed" is looked upon as an adulteration. 



