O'Reilly — On the Bates of Volcanic Enijitions. 401 



long lines of fissure as in Iceland. (Follow numerous examples of 

 simultaneous eruptions in his paper). 



[Page 22.] E-emarkable eruption of Hecla and Katla during a 

 period of activity of Vesuvius in the year 1766. 



[Page 23.] "Is this remarkable simultaneity of Icelandic and 

 Italian eruptions merely a simple coincidence, or is it to be attributed 

 to cosmic influences acting at the same time on each volcano, or does 

 the cause lie in a subterranean connection of the molten mass connected 

 with them? It is all the more remarkable, as the year 1766 was a 

 turning point in the sun-spot period, a minimum year of sunspots, and 

 was also signalized by the occurrence of other extraordinary natural 

 phenomena." 



[Page 24.] " In the year 1783 arose the Island iN'yoe (new Island) 

 near Iceland, followed on the 11th June by the celebrated outburst of 

 Skaptar JokuU. 



[Page 26.] "Almost simultaneously with this outburst, the most 

 fearful hiown in the history of vulcanism, there arose one not less 

 terrible on the Japanese Island of Mphon" (compare as to date with 

 Krakatoa, 1883, and as regards the 100 years interval). 



[Page 27.] "As regards these remarkable outbursts, it is to be 

 noted that the year 1783 was marked by extreme fewness of sunspots, 

 as well as by other uncommon natural phenomena." 



[Page 31.] " If we compare the activity of the three Island groups, 

 Canaries, Azores, and Cape Yerd Islands, they will be found to present 

 a well marked example of antagonism." 



[Page 34.] The activity of the volcanoes of Kamtschatka, the 

 Kuriles, and Japan, compared with that of the Aleutians, is markedly 

 alternate. 



[Pages 35, 36.] Table demonstrating this, with the remark, "A 

 finer example of alternating activity of two distinct volcanic groups 

 cannot better be shown." 



[Page 43.] " The most striking example of simultaneous eruptions 

 which perhaps exceeds in greatness that already mentioned in connec- 

 tion with the Phillipines, is that of the year 1772. In the night of 

 the 11th to the 12th August of this year occurred the most terrible 

 outburst of the Papandayang volcano which has taken place in the 

 Island of Java during historic times, and in consequence of which a 

 large part of this mountain, along with the adjacent land, sank into 

 the sea; the extent of land which thus disappeared was 15 English 

 miles long and 6 English miles broad, carrying with it 40 villages and 

 3000 inhabitants. Before this catastrophe, the volcano was 9000 feet 



