22 PACKARD, NOTES ON THE 



especially from above where it slopes down suddenly to the 

 supra-anal plate which is short, broad and lunate. 



There are six rows of small tubercles, or spots representing tu- 

 bercles, which are largest above, and decrease in size on the sides 

 of the body. On each ring the four tergal rows arrange their 

 tubercles in a trapezoid. There are three rows on each side, 

 and another row at the base of the legs. These give rise to 

 single hairs, or slender spine-like hairs. The rings themselves 

 are not very convex, and between the hairs and edge of the 

 ring are crossed by bright or dark colored narrow lines or rows 

 of spots which gives the larvae a gay appearance. 



The head is rather large and free from the pro-thorax. It is 

 broad above, as well as below, and three-fourths as wide as the 

 body. The clypeus is larger and its anterior division long, 

 being equal in breadth to the length of the posterior division : its 

 edge is not thickened, but when seen from beneath is slightly 

 arched upwards. 



The labrum is not very deeply bilobate. Each lobe may be 

 divided into an outer corneous portion and an inner softer fleshy 

 part. The labium and maxillae are large and broad. 



Castnia Fabricius. 



In examining Castnia, a moth which is so completely Hes- 

 perian in its analogies, we are not at all baffled in ascertaining 

 its family characters. Though with the broad head, long thorax 

 and peculiar shape of the wings which belongs to the Hesperians, 

 and the form of the abdomen of that group it still differs essen- 

 tially even in these parts. 



The head is one half narrower, the clypeus is still square, 

 and the antennae are inserted much higher up the front than in 

 Hesperia. The epicranium (vertex) is one-half shorter than in 

 Hesperia. The antennae do not differ greatly from Zygaena, 

 and often resemble that genus much more than the antennas of 

 the Sphingidaa. The palpi are more like the higher butterflies ; 

 in Alypia they are more like those of Hesperia. 



The meso-thorax, as well as the pro-thorax, is greatly elong- 

 ated. The meso-scutellum is very long and rounded behind 

 instead of being short and acute posteriorly as in the Bomby- 

 cidae ; in this respect closely resembling the Hesperians and 

 butterflies generally. 



In the triangular primaries, with their regularly curved costa, 



