﻿346 Transactions — Geology. 



observed, tlie cap of the mountain being formed by the tough marly lime- 

 stone, so that the upper and friable members of the series are wanting, pro- 

 bably having been removed by denudation. 



The strtita at the Seal Rock, in which the Penguin bones were found by 

 Mr. Duigan, appear to belong to group a, the fossils found in situ along with 

 the bones being Scalaria lyrata, Pecten Hochstetteri, Gryphcea, sp., Brissus 

 Crawfordi (a species of the same size and form as B. eximius, but with the 

 ambulacrge radiating equally), Cidaris, sp. (with large plates), Turho, b^. (with 

 a flat base) ; and a large shark's tooth, Carcharodon, sp. 



The following fossils received along with the above were stated to have been 

 obtained from rolled stones on the beach : — Venus, Dosinia, Lima, Fusus, 

 Cassidaria, Uchimos? and the large Inoceramus. The Inoceramus is imbedded 

 in white chalk, but all the other shells are in the same sandy limestone that 

 incloses the bones. Although none of these fossils resemble recent forms, 

 and the Grypliciea and Inoceraonus are decidedly of cretaceous type, yet from 

 other parts of the same formation, where more extensive collections have 

 been made, sufficient evidence has been obtained to prove that it has to some 

 extent the character of a tertiary deposit, but until the fossils have been 

 thoroughly examined, and the per centage of existing forms ascertained, 

 the equivalent age of the strata whether miocene or eocene, for they must 

 be at least as old as these, cannot be determined. 



Prom the evidence I have now advanced there can be little doubt that this 

 fossil Penguin was entombed at a very early period, when the seas in this 

 area were inhabited by several forms of the invertebrata that are now extinct. 



Description of Plates XVII. and XVIII. 

 Plate XYII. fig. 1. — Front view of Right Femur of Palceeudyptes antarcticus, 

 the Fossil Penguin from the Seal Rock. 



Fig. 2. — Front view of Right Femur of Eudyptes pachyrhyncus , the exist- 

 ing Crested Penguin of New Zealand, 22 inches high. 



Fig. 3. — Metacarpus of Fossil Penguin from Oamaru limestone, Otago. 



Fig. 4. — Metacarpus of Recent Penguin. 



Fig. 5. — Tarso-metatarse of Fossil Penguin from Kakanui limestone, Otago, 

 from Professor's Huxley's drawing. 



Fig. 6. — Tarso-metatarse of Recent Penguin. 



Plate XVIII., Fig. 1. — External, fig. 2~ internal, and fig. 3 — posterior aspect 

 of Right Humerus of Fossil Penguin from the Seal Rock. 



Fig. 4.— External aspect of Right Humerus of Recent Penguin. 



Fig. 5.— Head of Ulna of Fossil Penguin, articular surfaces marked a' were 

 in contact. 



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