464 : P. W. CLAASSEN 
PLACES OF STUDY 
These studies have been made largely from material gathered in the 
swamps and marshes around Ithaca, New York, especially from Renwick 
Marsh, at the head of Cayuga Lake. Other collecting places around 
Ithaca were Michigan Hollow, Mud Creek Swamp, near Freeville, the 
McLean Bogs, Vanishing Brook, north of the Cornell University campus, 
Caseadilia Creek, and various other places, wherever cat-tails were 
found growing. Observations were made also on the extensive cat-tail 
marshes of Lake Ontario, at North Fairhaven. During the season 
of 1916-1917, studies on cat-tails were made also in the vicinity of 
Lawrence, Kansas. 
The Renwick Marsh comprises a field of many acres, of which a large 
proportion is covered with cat-tail. In some places, this plant grows so 
thickly that all other vegetation is excluded, and especially is this true 
of the central part of the marsh, where the soil is much wetter. As one 
approaches the outer margin, other plants mingle with the cat-tails; 
and at the border, where conditions are drier, the cat-tail growth is sparse. 
All the cat-tail patches along the Inlet Valley, up to the Buttermilk 
“alls region, are referred to as the Renwick Marsh. 
Michigan Hollow is a swamp located about six miles from Ithaca, in 
the Inlet: Valley. Cat-tails grow here only scatteringly, in small but 
rather dense patches. This swamp was visited several times to make 
collections and observations. 
In the McLean Bogs, cat-tails are not found in large numbers, but 
since these bogs were visited every Saturday throughout the spring and 
summer of 1916, the author was enabled to make more careful and complete 
observations of the conditions and life histories of the insects of the cat-tail 
plants there found. Moreover, where cat-tails are not so abundant, 
a higher percentage of infestation usually occurs, which renders it much 
easier to obtain material and to make comparative studies. 
The Mud Creek Swamp is an old swamp extending along Mud Creek, 
near Freeville. Here, also, the cat-tails grow but sparingly, but it was 
found easy and convenient to make frequent observations and collections — 
of material. 
Along Vanishing Brook, north of the Cornell University campus, there 
are a number of small patches of swampy ground, on which cat-tail plants 
