TypHa Insects: THEerR EcoLtocgicaL RELATIONSHIPS 477 
The first color of the body appears on the dorsal surface of the meso- and 
metathorax and on the first and second abdominal segments. After 
about ten minutes more the entire abdomen begins to assume a reddish 
eolor, the thorax, head, and wings still remaining nearly white, however. 
The pulsation of the dorsal vessel is very noticeable at this time. At 
the end of another twelve minutes the color is darkest on the sixth, seventh, 
and eighth abdominal segments, being more pronounced on the dorsal 
surface. Twelve minutes later the head begins to show color. In another 
half hour the entire pupa, except the wings, has become a reddish brown 
in color. The wings, which remain white the longest, now begin to show 
a little color. Later the pupa turns very dark brown, almost black. 
Description of the stages 
The egg 
Light yellowish in color; round, though somewhat flattened, with the micropyle on the 
upper side, away from the surface of the leaf (Plate XLI, 21). 1 to 1:2 mm. in diameter and 
0.8 mm. in height. Sculpturing very fine but quite characteristic; micropyle represented by 
a small dot surrounded by a rosette of about twelve elongate cells. This surrounded in turn 
by two other rings of more or less elongate cells; a reticulation following, with cells more or 
less regularly hexagonal; and, finally, the outside cells slightly elongated transversely. 
Entire reticulate area around the micropyle covering about two-thirds of the upper surface 
of the egg. Remainder cf egg sculptured with a number of small tubercles, some occurring 
in lines so as to suggest circumferential bands of tubercles. 
The first-instar larva (Plate XLI, 29) 
Length 3.43 mm., width 0.58 mm. across the head. Head light brown, labrum and eyes 
darker. General colcr white, with a median purplish stripe. Spiracles on the eighth abdom- 
inal segment very large and dorsally located, as in the full-grown larva. After larva has 
been feeding for a few days, general color yellowish green. 
The full-grown larva (Plates XLI, 22, and XLVI, 66) 
Length 50 to 60 mm., width 6 to 7 mm. General color shiny muddy black. Head 
very dark brown. Lower half of clypeus light yellow. Basal knobs of antennae light 
grayish yellow. Labium light gray. Thoracic shield the same color as the head. A light 
median line along the length of the prothorax. Individual segments of the body darker 
postericrly. A dark median line along the dorsal surface of the entire larva. Ventral 
surface of the larva much lighter, being whitish gray in color. 
The larva appears very much like a typical noctuid larva except for 
the position of the spiracles of the eighth abdominal segment. The 
spiracles on the other segments of the body occur in the natural place, 
