486 P. W. CLAASSEN 
abdomen covered and protruding the head to feed. As the larva fed 
downward, it lengthened this silken tube. In the field, the author has 
not observed the larvae feeding anywhere on the plant except on the head. 
When the larva becomes full-grown, it goes to the top of the head, to 
which it then ties a leaf in order to form a place in which to spin its cocoon” 
for pupation. The silk used to tie the leaf to the head is covered with 
a mixture of frass and the remains of the staminate flowers. If a leaf 
‘is not within reach of the larva, the cocoon is made on top of the head, 
hear the rachis, and covered with the remains of the staminate flowers. 
After pupation, the wind and rain soon tear off the covering made by 
the larva and the head has then the appearance of having been shaved 
in patches (Plate XLVII, 73). 
Description of the stages 
The egg.— Slingerland (1901) describes the egg somewhat as follows: 
Thin, oval, light lemon yellow, overlapping each other not unlike the shingles of a house. 
Shell is finely reticulated, the micropyle showing plainly at one end. 
The larva.— The larva may be described as follows: 
Olive green, with a light brown head and thoracic shield, both marked with black; the 
body sparsely clothed with light-colored hairs arising from pale, roughened tubercles. The 
newly hatched caterpillar light yellow, with a brown head. Length of full-grown larva, 
about 17 mm. (Plate XLVII, 76). 
The pupa.— The pupa is shown in Plate XLVII, 74. The following 
description applies to the female. 
Length, including cremaster, 12 mm.; width, measured across the wings, 3.8mm. General 
color reddish brown, the wings being somewhat lighter-colored than the rest of the body. 
Wings reaching back as far as the middle of the fourth abdominal segment. Thoracic region 
much enlarged, the appendages forming a distinct salient. Front of the head with an inverted 
Y ridge, as viewed from the cephalic aspect. A transverse ridge at the base of this Y, 
Clypeus and labrum prominent, and the clypeo-labral suture distinct. Labium clearly 
visible. Labial palpi one-fourth as long as maxillae. Manillae extending half way to the 
tips of the wings. Maxillary palpi elongate and triangular, reaching to the pro-lateral 
angles of the maxillae. Coxae ef mesothoracic legs visible below the maxillae and the femora. 
Femur and tibia of prothoracic legs large. Mesothoracic legs extending below the tips of the 
antennae. Antennae shorter than the wings by 0.8 mm. Metathoracic tarsi visible beyond 
the tips of metathoracic legs and antennae. Genital orifice double. Cremaster slender, 
tapering, longer than it is broad, and bearing eight stout, curved setae, four extending 
from the apex and two on each side. Setae of body long and prominent. On the dorsal 
surface, the first abdominal segment smooth. Segments 2 to 8, inclusive, each having two 
