TyeHa Insects: THerrR EcoLoGicAL RELATIONSHIPS 489 
and pupae, as they were removed from the pappus of the head of a Typha 
plant, are shown in Plate XLVIII, 82. 
The adult.— The first adults were observed to emerge in the laboratory 
on June 8, 1916, and the maximum emergence occurred between June 25 
‘and June 30. In the spring of 1918, the moths first appeared in the 
laboratory on June 10. Immediately after emergence the adult moths 
often rest on the cat-tail heads, as shown in Plate XLIX, 85. Stainton 
(1870) speaks of the adult as follows: 
If in July we visit a locality in which the Typha latifolia grows we may probably find 
towards evening some small grayish-ochreous moths, with the anterior wings rather streaked 
with brownish towards the apex, and with two dark brown spots ringed with white on the 
disc; these would no doubt be the perfect insects of Laverna Phragmitella. 
1 
Description of the stages 
The larva (Plate XLII, 32) 
Length from 10 to 12 mm., width 2.5 mm. General ground color yellowish white. 
Ventral side entirely white, with the exception of the brownish, chitinized legs and prolegs. 
Dorsal surface with 5 longitudinal brown stripes. The median stripe rather narrow; the 
next stripe, on each side of the median line, wide and somewhat lighter in color; the stripes 
on the lateral margin, above the spiracles, more or less broken into blotches. Head light 
yellow, blotched with brown. LEpicranial suture dark brown. Posterior part of the head 
dark brown. Mandibles and labrum dark. Prothorax mottled with dark brown. The 
last abdominal segment dotted with dark brown spots, as shown in Plate XLII, 32. 
The pupa (Plate XLII, 34) 
Length 9-10 mm., width 2.1-2.3 mm. General color yellowish brown. Head with 
‘a blunt, rounded projection. Wings reaching to the middle of the sixth abdominal 
segment. Front of clypeal suture faint. Labrum with outer margin rounded. Labium 
not visible. Mavxillae broad at the base and much narrower at the proximal half. Maxillary 
palpi present as small triangular pieces. Prothoracic legs extending two-thirds the length 
of the maxillae. Mesothoracic legs not reaching quite to the tips of the maxillae. Antennae 
very slender, reaching the tips of the wings, and contiguous all the way to the tip. Meta- 
thoracic legs invisible. Rudimentary prolegs visible on the sixth segment. No definite 
sculpturing on the body. On the dorso-caudad surface of the last abdominal segment, 
eight hooked setae, arranged in groups of four. In each group three setae in a straight trans- 
verse line, but the fourth seta just cephalad to the middle one of the group. Cremaster 
undeveloped. 
The adult.— The length of the adult, with wings folded, is from 10 to 
12mm. Stainton (1870) gives the following description of the adult: 
Head pale brownish-ochreous, face paler. . . Antennae pale grayish-ochreous, spotted 
with dark fuscous. . . Anterior wings pale brownish-ochreous, the costa beyond the 
