892 -- DEANE PHILLIPS 
tolerated only after the country was well settled and customs had 
changed considerably. 
EARLY IMPORTATIONS 
The first colonists who settled at Plymouth in 1620 brought neither 
\rorses nor cattle with them to the new land, and it was not until four | 
years later that the first neat was brought over (15). In the same | 
year the correspondence of Governor Bradford indicates that ‘‘ a bull 
and 3 or 4 jades ’’ were to be shipped to him from London to be sold 
in the colony (16). The first record of the actual presence of a horse 
in Plymouth seems to be in 1632. Governor John Winthrop, of the 
Massachusetts Bay colony, describes in his diary a journey made to 
Plymouth in that year, partly by boat and partly on foot, and states 
that on his return he was sent a part of the way on “‘ the Governor’s: 
mare ’’ as a mark of special respect (17). 
However, from some source — probably England, but possibly Hol- 
land, with whose ships the colonists had traded (18) —the Plymouth | 
settlers had by 1632 obtained a considerable supply of cattle, for it 
is stated by Governor Bradford that by this date many persons had 
been enriched by selling corn and cattle at high prices to newcomers 
in both Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay and had ‘‘ spread out on | 
farmes ’’ for the purpose of raising more (19). As to the number | 
of horses in Plymouth at that time, however, no information can be | 
cleaned from Bradford’s narrative, for he, in common with other | 
writers of the period, uses the term cattle more or less indiscriminately | 
to cover any sort of livestock, including horses. 
The richer Massachusetts Bay colony seems to have been better sup- | 
plied than the colony at Plymouth. The fleet that arrived with its | 
numerous settlers in the year 1629 brought over also a considerable 
number of horses and cattle, one hundred and fifteen head in all (20), | 
among which were thirteen horses (21). In the following year the ships | 
that brought over Governor Winthrop and the second group of colonists | 
had on board two hundred and forty cows and about sixty horses, as | 
is learned from Winthrop’s letters (22). Some of these animals died } 
while en route and it is not certain just how many were added to the | 
stock of the colony, but among the horses that survived there were } 
both mares and stallions (23). 
