962 . I. M. Hawuery 
beans also, tho a sound seed rarely contains more than two or three. | 
Beans that are entirely decomposed have no attraction for the insect. | 
In order to test the ability of a maggot to find its bean host, ten newly | 
hatched larvae were placed on top of the soil in large vials, in July, 1917, 
and an unsoaked bean seed was placed at the bottom of each vial. Eight 
of the ten maggots found the bean and were reared to adults. 
The pupa 
Time spent in puparium 
In the summer of 1917, the length of the pupal stage of eight specimens 
was found to be 13.7 days, as shown in table 2. The average length of 
the pupal stage of seventeen additional specimens, carried thru in the 
outdoor cage in July, was 12.8 days, the time varying from 10 to 14 days. 
In June, 1919, the average time required for nineteen pupae was 10.2 
days, witha range from 8 to 14 days. The time required in a field cage, 
from the hatching of the egg until the emergence of the adult fly, was 
found to be 22.7 days for forty-five specimens, with a range from 16 to 
27 days. Allowing 10 days for the larval stage, this would make the 
overage pupal period 12.7 days. Cages have been examined for puparia 
tending to show a lengthened pupal period, but cases of retardation, such 
as those noted by Schoene for the closely related cabbage maggot (Hylemyia 
[Phorbia\ brassicae), have not been observed. In 1918, however, the rain- 
fall at Perry during July and August was far below normal (table 6, 
page 971), and in the fall of that year only one fly of a possible third brood 
was seen. In both 1917 and 1919, third-brood flies were numerous. 
The absence of a third brood in 1918 might have been due to a lengthening 
of the pupal period of the second brood caused by the high temperature 
and low rainfall. 
Place of pupation 
Puparia of Hylemyza cilicrura are usually found near the surface of 
the ground, a short distance from the place of larval feeding. They are 
occasionally found as deep as six inches below the surface, but ordinarily 
not more than three inches below. In bean fields they are often seen 
within a few inches from the plant food of the larva. 
The adult 
Emergence 
The emergence of what are believed to have been second-brood flies 
reached its height at Perry, New York, on July 18 and 14, 1917. The 
flies continued to appear in the rearing cages until about August 1. Flies 
reared from eggs deposited, no doubt, by this brood and hatching about 
July 25 and 26, produced, late in August and September, what was pos- 
sibly a third brood. It is believed that an entire brood of flies was 
