INSECTS AND OTHER ANIMAL Pests INsuRIOUS TO Fir~p Beans 973 
nature. In that year, and also in 1920, the first flies were taken in small 
numbers early in May, about the time when cherries were in bloom. 
Mature flies were out in numbers near plowed ground on June 2, 1919, at 
which time the last of the petals had fallen from late apple trees at Perry. 
Flies with fully developed eggs had not been found in quantities on plowed 
ground before this, altho a few females with immature eggs had been 
collected in winter-wheat and oat fields. Many eggs were deposited in 
cages about June 4. Dissected females showed that some eggs were 
mature on June 2 and many on June 4. It is evident, therefore, that 
under Perry conditions in 1919, beans planted between June 2 and 12, or 
within ten days after the last of the petals had fallen from the late apple 
trees, were open to maggot attack. Serious infestations of maggots were 
very few in 1919, but in two bean fields which did show cilicrura injury 
the seed was planted on June 5 and June 6, respectively. 
On May 28, 1920, when the petals had partly fallen from the late apple 
trees, flies nearly mature were found in numbers on moist, newly turned 
ground, especially where the field had previously been in sod. After May 
7, when the first specimens of the year were taken, adult females were 
captured almost daily and their abdomens examined for eggs. Between 
May 7 and May 28, a few flies with ripe eggs were occasionally found, 
showing that eggs were doubtless deposited in small numbers during that 
period. A cornfield planted on May 22 and examined on May 29 showed 
typieal cilicrura injury in a few seeds. However, this examination of 
females taken thruout May showed that most of the first brood of flies 
were not mature before May 28. At that time there were many more 
females than males present on plowed ground. Many eggs were de- 
posited between May 28 and June 7 by flies in the cages. Most of these 
eggs were deposited after June 1, when the nights as well as the days were 
warm and the flies showed unusual activity. 
Many fields in which beans were just appearing above ground were 
examined on June 7, 1920, and only six infested plants were found. Good 
weather had made it possible to plant some of these beans by May 21, and 
all were in before June 1. Therefore, in these fields, the seed was in the 
ground before most of the flies were mature, with the result that there 
were but few maggots in the soil. 
Beans planted in the experimental field on June 4, 1920, were heavily 
infested, and potatoes and corn planted in neighboring fields about the 
same time contained many maggots. This infestation is probably due to 
the fact that the seed was put into the ground at the time whin the flies 
were mature and eggs were being deposited. Beans planted in the middle 
of June were uninjured. From these data it would seem that beans planted 
just after the last apple blossoms have fallen, which under the conditions 
at Perry in 1919 and 1920 was from May 28 to June 7, stand a greater 
chance of being infested by the maggots of H. cilicrura than do those planted 
