INSECTS AND OTHER ANIMAL Pests INsURIOUS TO FIELD BEANS 1021 
When control measures are necessary, a spray of arsenate of lead, 2 
pounds of paste to 50 gallons of water, applied when the beetles first appear. 
will suffice. 
THE APPLE LEAF HOPPER 
(Empoasca mali LeB. 1°) 
The apple leaf hopper, Empoasca mali (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae (Plate 
LXXI, 4), has at times been found in small numbers on field beans at 
Perry, but the insects have not been connected with any deformation of the 
plant. In some parts of the State, particularly near Lake Ontario, where 
pea beans are grown, this insect has been more plentiful, and it has seemed 
probable that bean mosaic, a destructive disease of pea beans, may be 
transmitted by this pest. This disease, however, which may be recog- 
nized by a curling of the leaves and the appearance of mottled light-and- 
dark areas on the foliage, has been known to occur and spread when leaf 
hoppers were not present. 
Dr. Robert Matheson, working in conjunction with Dr. Donald Reddick, 
of the Department of Botany at Cornell University, found that he could 
produce a curling of the leaves of pea bean plants when leaf hoppers trans- 
ferred from infested beans were caged over healthy plants. These plants 
later outgrew the curling, however, and mosaic did not develop, and so 
the experimental evidence would tend to show that the disease is not 
earried by EL. malz. Further tests must be made before a definite state- 
ment can be given. 
GRASSHOPPERS 
(Melanoplus atlantis Riley, M. femur-rubrum DeGeer, and 
M. bivittatus Say) 
Bean fields with a border of grass and weeds, or adjoining meadows or 
pastures, are often attacked by grasshoppers. Nearly every year a few 
poorly-cared-for fields have shown some injury. Three specimens of 
grasshoppers have been mainly blamable for the work — Melanoplus 
atlantis, M. femur-rubrum, and M. bivittatus (Orthoptera, Acrididae). The 
eggs of the insects have often been found in fence corners or in the sod 
border of fields, and many newly hatched nymphs have been taken in these 
places during May and June. The beans near the edges of fields usually 
suffer the most; in fact, 1t is not unusual to find the plants of the first few 
rows riddled by the pests, while the central part of the field is unharmed. 
INJURIES TO BEANS IN THE POD, CAUSED BY HEMIPTEROUS INSECTS 
(Adelphocorus rapidus Say, Euschistus variolarius Palisot de Beauvois, 
Lygus pratensis L.) 
During the past four years the Cornell University Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station has received many samples of beans showing deformations 
10 Determined by E. D. Ball. 
