Tur Insect FAUNA OF THE GENUS CRATAEGUS 1075 
ministra Dru., Datana (Yellow-necked apple caterpillar) 
One of the most destructive species to both native and European haw- 
thorns during the past few years has been Datana ministra. Very few 
trees have escaped without at least one colony of these yellow-necked, 
black-bodied, gray-haired caterpillars feeding on a branch in July and 
August. Many trees have had an entire branch stripped bare of leaves, 
and occasionally a whole tree has been defoliated. 
The light brown moths appeared and were found ovipositing during 
June and July. The clusters of white eggs, each cluster containing from 
25 to 100, were deposited on the lower side of the leaves and were a common 
sight in July. The larvae of a colony begin to feed at the tip of a branch 
and migrate toward its base as they grow, leaving the bare branch behind 
them. As they become larger they scatter to adjacent branches and feed 
singly or by twos and threes. They become full-grown and enter the soil 
in September. 
Several observations were made to determine whether the larvae pre- 
fer hawthorn to apple. When confined in cages they eat one as readily 
as the other. In the natural uncultivated areas where hawthorn, apple, 
and pear grow wild, however, it was noticed that the colonies of larvae 
were commoner on hawthorn than on the other trees. In one field con- 
taining 50 hawthorn, 39 apple, and 17 pear trees, 79 colonies of larvae were 
counted. Of these colonies 56 were on hawthorn, 15 on apple, and 8 on 
pear. 
Lymantriidae 
leucostigma A. aud S., Hemerocampa (White-marked tussock caterpillar) 
The larva of Hevieneunpa leucostigma, with its bright red head, it 
red tubercles on segments 6 and 7 of the abdomen, its four white fiesoees 
and its three long, black pencils of hairs, is a common sight on both native 
and European hawthorns. It feeds on the foliage during June and July, 
‘and the hairy cocoons are common on the branches in winter. 
Lasiocampidae 
americana Harris, Epicnaptera 
The large larva of E'picnaptera americana is gray with white spots and 
two red bands above, and orange with a row of lateral diamond- shaped 
black spots below. It feeds at night on Crataegus punctata foliage in 
July and August. ‘The species is not common. 
americana Fabr., Malacosoma (Apple tent caterpillar) 
During the years 1917 to 1920, only the old egg masses of Malacosoma 
americana were found on the twigs of hawthorns about Ithaca. Only two 
colonies of larvae were seen on the favorite host, wild cherry, and only one 
colony on apple. 
