LEPIDOPTERA 1115 
References — Insect life 3:478. 1890. 
Insect life 4:75. 1891. 
Slingerland, M. V., and Crosby, C. R. Manual of fruit insects, p. 119. 
1914. 
ALO CECE OMIENTATI NIN UD LOS men Aureus a) rac Spend coe abreast yer aes lee meee Fam. Geometridae 
Hosts — Crataegus, Prunus, Rhamnus. 
Injury — Larva webs leaves together and feeds on them. 
Distribution — Europe, Asia. 
References — Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 166. 1872. 
Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:36. 1910. 
ephemeraeformis Haw., Thyridopteryx (Common bagworm)................ Fam. Psychidae 
Hosts — Species a very general feeder on trees and shrubs, including Crataegus. 
Injury — Larva defoliates trees. 
Distribution — North America east of Rocky Mountains. 
Reference — Beutenmueller, William. Ent. Amer. 3:157. 1887. 
ephippella Fabr., Argyresthia................. Ring aise atta an st aos Fam. Yponomeutidae 
Synonym — Argyresthia pruniella Linn. 
Hosts — Crataegus, Pyrus, Prunus, Sorbus, Corylus. 
Injury — Larva eats leaf and blossom buds. 
Distribution — Europe, Asia Minor. 
References — Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 210. 1872. 
Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:447. 1910. 
GupNantine IN oe. AGRON Ghee duce a 6 ee Con rs Ene uae oe ae Ia fa ae Fam. Noctuidae 
Hosts — Species a general feedes on trees, including Crataegus. 
Injury — Larva feeds on foliage. 
Distribution — Europe, Asia. 
References — Kaltenbach, J. H. Pflanzenfeinde, p. 208. 1872. 
Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 1:139. 1908. 
fOrUCHi OM WLI... SOTO WSS dank neces ds SA Aes MAO RA RA Ree ee eee ee Fam. Glyphipterygidae 
Synonyms — Tinea oxyacanthella Linn., Crambus oxyacanthae Fabr. 
Hosts — Urtica, Parietaria, Symphytum, Crataegus. 
Injury — Larva feeds in leaf roll. 
Distribution — Europe. 
References — Bechstein, J. M., and Scharfenberg, G. L. Naturgeschichte der schid- 
lichen Forstinsekten, p. 805. 1805. 
Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:297. 1910. 
BOSELL LS MEN NM ELOLCOMILOTO cree eesti sas pestle web Geis, fhe) eyous ott le. afoh Sa els sie 4 Fam. Gelechiidae 
Hosts — Prunus, Crataegus. 
Injury — Larva ties leaves together and feeds on them. 
Distribution — Europe, Asia Minor. 
Reference —Spuler, A. Schmetterlinge Europas, 2:354. 1910. 
fletcherella Fern., Coleophora (Cigar case-bearer)................0--02-5- Fam. Elachistidae 
Hosts — Malus, Crataegus, Pyrus, Cydonia. 
Injury — Larva eats holes into leaf and makes a small blotch mine around each hole. 
Distribution — North America. 
References — Hammar, A.G. U.S. Ent. Bur. Bul. 80:33. 1909. 
Slingerland, M. V., and Crosby, C. R. Manual of fruit insects, p. 47. 1914. 
Sulminea SOOO: COMNGHIE, Ae ad Celik oo SO BO CERO TA RO EERE: Fam. Noctuidae 
Synonym — Catocala paranympha Linn. 
Hosts — Crataegus, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus. 
Injury — Larva eats foliage. 
