THE BIoLOGy OF THE CHRYSOPIDAE 1299 
One can distinguish the first instar of all species in an easier and 
quicker way than by measurement. The lateral tubercules on prothorax 
and abdomen bear two setae each in this instar. The meso- and meta- 
thoracic tubercles bear three large setae each. But in no ease are there 
from five to fifteen, as in the other instars. C. oculata and its varieties, 
and C. chi and its variety, have on the dorsum of the head a large black 
spot covering most of this area and broadening out to the bases of the 
antennae. This spot persists in the second instar, but in the third it 
breaks up into three spots. A few specimens show even in the first 
instar the future lines of separation, so that they may at times appear 
slightly disconnected. This large spot on the head, therefore, taken in 
connection with the size, will often indicate the instar at a glance. The 
head spots of the first-instar larvae of the other species studied are the 
Same as in the second and third instars, and therefore the lateral setae 
furnish the more reliable index. 
The color of the body changes gradually, so that at the end of the first 
instar the larva has, more or less distinctly, second-instar coloration. 
Larvae that have when mature a dark metathoracic region, begin to 
show this coloration about midway in the first instar. Abdominal color- 
ation appears also at this time. But in all larvae the anterior part of 
the abdomen, regardless of future colors, appears smoky to black. This 
darkening is due to the food in the mid-intestine and appears with the 
first meal. In newly hatched larvae the green yoik can be seen in the 
mid-intestine at the posterior part of the thorax and the anterior part 
of the abdomen. 
The legs, the jaws, and the antennae are nearly hyaline ut hatching. 
Very soon the tips of the jaws become amber-colored, indicating chitini- 
zation. The legs and the antennae also darken slightly. 
The lateral and dorsal setae serve both as a protection and as sense 
organs. When one of these setae is touched, the larva bends away from 
the object. If touched again the larva moves still farther away, or 
becomes frightened and runs away. The body of the larva can scarcely 
be touched without the larva’s being apprised of the approach through 
these radiating setae. The dorsal setae serve to protect the dorsum, 
while the lateral ones protect the sides. The strong jaws are in front, 
and the abdomen can be retracted in part, so that the larva has a fair 
degree of security from its enemies. 
Descent from the egg 
The larva, after resting on the egg shell for from fifteen minutes to 
several hours, begins to walk around over the shell, at times reaching 
upward and outward in an effort to locate something near at hand by 
