13290 Rocer C. Smrru 
their packets as a framework for their cocoons, the debris adhering to 
the cocoon. The setae to which the debris is fastened evidently break off 
early in the spinning, permitting the larva to shift its position. 
There are two stages in the cocoon—the last part of the prepupal 
period, and the greater part of the pupal life. The prepupa in the 
cocoon is doubled ventrad, the tip of the tail lying on the anterior 
dorsum of the head. It is inactive, but is capable of a little movement. 
The distinctive colors of the larva largely disappear, but one can 
usually identify it even after the fading is well advanced. Just before 
- molting, it is often impossible to name the species with certainty. When 
opened, the prepupa is seen to be filled with a grayish to yellowish white 
semi-fiuid substance, but in the abdomen there is a large, solid, black, 
bean-shaped body. ‘This is the larval excrement which was packed at the 
end of the mid-intestine during the larval life. It remains here during 
the tissue-reforming process through the pupal stage, and the intestine 
of the adult forms about it. 
THE PUPA 
The pupa, as it pushes off the old larval skin, is delicate gray to 
yellowish in color. The eyes are grayish, with small spots of brown. 
At the center of the base of each eye is a prominent opening, or foramen. 
The antennae are white or colorless, and are folded over the dorsum of 
the head, above the eyes, around somewhat to the sides of the thorax, _ 
then in an irregular S-like loop over the wing pads, ending behind the 
wings and somewhat under the body. The most prominent part of the 
head is the mandibles, which are the most 
distinctive development of the pupal life. 
They are relatively large, toothed, and heay- 
ily chitinized. Their only movement is as a 
pair of pincers. There is a prominent la- 
brum. The maxilla and the labium are much 
Fie. 157. pupa manprates reduced but they give a suggestion of the fu-} 
(m) AND LABRUM oF cHRys- ture functional mouth parts. The segments 
OPA OCULATA, X 32. DORSAL of the palpi, as well as those of the antennae, 
yee appear like so many glassy beads. They are 
incapable of movement. The head is inclined ventrad and its only 
movement is a slight raising and lowering. The last segment of 
each tarsus is broadened at the tip, and at each outer angle a very 
small claw is borne. The wings appear as two pairs of rather promi- 
nent pads on the meso- and the metathorax. 
