1324 Rocer C. Smrrit 
moved forward within the pupal skin, leaving it behind. The inevi- 
table consequence was the stretching of the pupal skin in the anterior 
region. This continued until a rent started. There has been some 
difference of opinion as to just where the tear occurs. In this instance, 
it began over the occiput of the head and was rapidly extended back 
over the prothorax by a few further shifts. Bending the head caudo- 
ventrad, the pupa first carefully freed its mouth parts. It pulled up- 
ward and worked the mouth parts constantiy. The antennae formed 
two loops over the front of the head and began at once to slip out of the 
old pupal skin. The pupa pulled upward slowly and deliberately on 
the mouth parts, continuing to move them in and out. Finally they 
slipped off, revealing the bright colors of the head. The pupa then 
began to straighten up slowly in order to pull out the antennae and the 
two anterior pairs of legs. The antennae were guided upward by the 
maxillae. These were spread apart and they grasped the antennae in 
the withdrawing process. The metathoracic coxae may also assist in the 
withdrawing of the antennae by being moved forward and pushing the 
antennae outward. 
The pupal skin remained attached throughout this performance. 
The pulling upward continued until the pupa appeared to be supported 
only by the abdomen. Finally the front legs were freed, followed by the 
second pair. At about the same time the antennae were free and sprang 
into place. During this performance the wings were pulled from their 
pads. As the adult lifted itself upward, the chitinous linings of the 
tracheae were pulled out. With the freeing of the anterior part of the 
body, the pupa, having the first two pairs of legs free, walked slowly 
ahead, thereby pulling out the metathoracie legs, the remainder of the 
wings, and the end of the abdomen. 
The pupal skin remained attached as a hyaline molt, retaining its 
former shape but with a large rent above and possessing no characters 
by which the species could be determined. Two long, slender claws at 
the end of each tarsus could be seen, but the pulvillus was not well 
defined. 
Very little variation from the foregoing account has been observed 
in the different species studied. In C. nigricornis the rent was observed 
to be started at the border between the meso- and the prothorax. It then 
extended forward to the head, and continued to the eyes in the form of 
a Y. The whole process, from the beginning of the expansion to the 
time when the adult walks away, requires from fifteen to twenty minutes. 
