1340 Rocer C. SmitH 
The information obtained concerning the life histories of these 
parasites and hyperparasites is fragmentary. Parasitized cocoons in 
all cases gradually turn dark to decidedty black. When parasites have 
emerged, one can usually find the shriveled skin of the prepupa in the 
Fie. 160. WoRK OF PARASITES ON CHRYSOPIDS 
A, Empty cocoon of Chrysopa rufilabris from which Hemiteles areator subsp. tenellus 
emerged, x 11% 
B, Cocoon of C. oculata from which Perilampus sp. emerged, x 11% 
C, Cocoon of C. oculata from which Helorus chrysopae emerged, x 1134 
D, A piece of a wing of C. oculata showing two feeding punctures of Pseudcculi- 
coides eques and the brownish area around each 
E, Egg of C. oculata from which Trichogramma minutum emerged, showing the. 
clear gelatinous substance holding the egg to the leaf, x 11% 
ease, together with the thin, filmy cocoon of the parasite. In all cases 
so far seen, the parasite destroys the chrysopid prepupa before it 
pupates. The parasites make several kinds of openings in the cocoons 
at emergence, that of Helorus chrysopae being especially interesting 
(fig. 160, C). 
In general, the pupal parasites are the greatest check on the Chrys- 
opidae. Parasitized cocoons of Chrysopa rufilabris, C. nigricornis, and 
others occurring in the open, were frequently collected. McGregor 
