"26 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



thine own dear country and pile his mound, and over it pay burial 

 rites, full many as is due." — 



(TTJfxd re ol ^eSat koI IttI Krepea Kxepei^ai 

 TToXXa fxdX', ocrcra eot/ce. . . . (^Od. I. 291.) 



Xenophon describes the burial of the dead after the battle of 

 Calpe : "As the victims were favourable, the Arcadians also accom- 

 panied him, and buried the greatest part of the dead where they had 

 severally fallen ; for they had now lain five days, and it was no 

 longer possible to bring them away ; some of them, however, they 

 gathered together out of the roads, and buried as becomingly as they 

 could with the means at their command ; while for those they could 

 not find they erected a large cenotaph [with a great funeral pile], 

 and put garlands upon it " : ov<s 8e fJirj evpia-Kov Kevordfjaov avToli 

 iTTOLfjcrav /xiya ^kol irvpav /xeyaA.r/v] koL (TTe(jidvov<; lireO^crav (vi. 4. 9).^ 



In the description in Thucydides of the funeral ceremonies of the 

 Athenians who fell in the first year of the Peloponnesian war there is 

 no mention of cenotaphs, but the underlying idea of the performance 

 of the burial rites of the missing is clearly indicated. 



"When the actual procession takes place, waggons carry coffins 

 of cypress-wood, one for each tribe. In them are the bones of the 

 tribe to which each individual belongs. One bier is borne empty, 

 fully furnished forth, for the missing who had not been discovered at 

 the taking up of the dead." — /xta Se KXivq kcvt] ^eperat 'ecTT/aw/xei/i^ twv 

 d(f>avwv, OL av jx-q cvpeOwcnv ets dvaipecTLV. (ll. 34.) 



M. Edward Cuq, in the article " Funus " in Daremberg and 

 Saglio's Dicfionnaire des Anfiqtittes, has collected the sense of a 

 number of passages on cenotaphs from Roman writers. His statement 

 so fully covers the ground, it will be sufficient to quote the passage, 

 referring the reader, for authorities, to the notes there given : 



"Sile corpsn'apu etre retrouve, la sepulture n'est que ' imaginaire,' 

 et le tombeau porte le nom de cenotaphe {eenotaphimn). La con- 

 struction des cenotaphes etait due d cette croyance que I'ame detachee 

 du corps avait besoin d'une demeure. Si on ne lui donnait un 

 tombeau pour asile, elle errait sans treve ni repos, comme un genie 



1 The words koI irvpav fx€yd\r]v are omitted in three good mss. ; they are 

 retained in two good mss., and in all the inferior ones. They are retained by 

 Dindorf , but rejected by Zeune and others. Zeune remarks that he never heard 

 of a funeral pile being erected in conjunction with a cenotaph. When the sepul- 

 chral nature of the cenotaph is understood, it is seen that the intrinsic evidence of 

 the passage supports their retention. 



