Praegbr — On the Raised Beaches of N.E. Ireland. 33 



spot, it is seen resting on red boulder-clay, its surface being twelve to 

 fourteen feet above high water. Shells of a few species are abun- 

 dant — 



Cardium edule. c. Trochus umhilicatus. f. 



Trochus cinerareus. c, Osirea edidis. v. r. 



Littorina ohtusata. c. Purpura lapillus. v. r, 



L. litorea. c. Nassa {incrassata ?) v. r. 



Sandeel Bax. 



"Round this little bay, which lies east of Groomsport, extends a 

 cliff of fine sand, rising from near high-water mark to a height of 

 fifteen feet. A level field extends backwards from its top. The sand 

 is stratified horizontally, and is full of marine shells, which occur in 

 beds and irregular pockets, some of which almost suggest human 

 agency. Patella vulgata, Littorina ohtusata, L. litorea, and the land- 

 shell Selix aeutus are the prevailing species. I also observed Pecten 

 pusio, Mytilus modiolus, Venus gallina, Tapes virginius, Solen sp., 

 Trochus cinerareus, Littorina rudis. 



Balltholme Bay. 



Before the present sea-wall was built, the raised beach here over- 

 hung the strand as a cliff of sand and gravel twenty feet in height, 

 inhabited by quantities of sand-martins. Shells are rare in this bed ; 

 but at one spot, in a sandy layer three feet below the surface, and 

 fifteen feet above high water, I obtained Ostrea edulis, Mactra sub- 

 ■truncata, Trochus cinerareus, Littorina ohtusata. The shells were in a 

 very crumbling condition. The gravels, which lie in horizontal beds, 

 rest, at about half -tide level, on a thin layer of blue clayey sand, 

 representing probably the Estuarine clay zone. Below this is the 

 well-known bed of submerged peat, only about six inches thick, but 

 containing the upright stumps of Scotch fir and other trees, in their 

 natural position. Below this is a thin layer of bluish sandy clay, 

 very tough, and full of branches and roots, succeeded by fine red 

 sand or fine red clay. To the westward the boulder-clay rises up 

 from below this series. 



Caenaiea. 



Mr. W. H. Patterson pointed out to me a rather interesting 

 deposit on the shore below Carnalea Station. It consists of a shell 

 bed of small extent,, six to twelve inches thick, lying irregularly on 



E.I.A. PROC, SEE. III., VOL. IV. D 



