78 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



■whicli might be fairly called scaphocephalic. The mean cephalic 

 index, when reduced to the cranial standard by the subtraction of two 

 imits, is 78-5 (or almost exactly that of the natives of Inishbofin).^ 



The cranial cnrre rises to a fair height (mean altitudinal index, 

 65'6), sweeps evenly backwards, and descends rather abruptly to the 

 external occipital protuberance. 



The forehead is broad, seldom receding, and not very high ; the 

 skin is often a good deal wrinkled, even in comparatively young men, 

 but not so much so as in the case of the fishing populations. The eye- 

 brows overhang the eyes considerably, and are thick and rather leveL 

 The glabella and superciliary ridges are often large 



Face. — The face, though often long, is rather oblong in outline, 

 owing to the breadth of the jaws in the bigonial region. The cheek- 

 bones are, as a rule, prominent. The ridge or fold of skin at the 

 root of the nose is not as common, nor when seen, of as large size as 

 in the men of the fishing populations. The eyes have usually blue or 

 light grey irides, seldom hazel or brown, but it should be noted that 

 the percentage of " light " eyes in adults, 78 •? (a much lower figure 

 than observed in any of the districts yet reported on) shows a larger 

 proportion of dark-eyed people in the population of Ballycroy. 



The eyes are deeply set, and are placed rather wide apart ; there 

 are often wrinkles around them, as is generally observable in the 

 west. The eyelashes are dark and long. 



The nose is straight usually, sometimes sinuous, seldom aquiline 

 or retrousse. The mean nasal-index is 63-9. 



The mouth is large, and the lips of medium thickness. The teeth 

 are, when not spoiled by excessive smoking, small, white, and very 

 even. The angles of the jaw are rather pronounced and square, 

 which gives an oblong outline to the face when viewed from the 

 front. The chin is often prominent. The ears are usually flat, but 

 in about a third of the cases observed are outstanding. But few 

 abnormalities of this organ were observed; in twenty -two instances, 

 out of the fifty men noted, the lobule was attached ; in one case it 

 was absent, and in another extremely small, but great variations in 

 the form of the pinna, such as were observed in some parts of the 

 Mullet, were not noticeable in Ballycroy. 



Skin. — The complexion is fair or ruddy, seldom freckling ; sallow- 

 ness is not common, even in those with dark eyes. As noted in other 

 sections, wrinkles seem to come rather early. 



' Of the fifty men measured, 18 'were brachycephalic, 26 mesaticephalic, and 

 6 dolichocephalic. 



