138 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



and the meaning of "into" is also expressed by the word au before 

 the noun. Noi mangiz au Kaperenauma, or by the adverb sei, there. 

 Tana mangiw sei Kaperenauma, they went there {i.e. toj Capernaum. 

 For verbs governing the dative, see Syntax. 



(e) Ablative. 



The ablative expressing motion from, or origin, is shown by the 

 suffix -ngu, and may be translated " from, through, or concerning." 



Example : Ngukingu, from the water ; sunagngu, out of the 

 synagogue ; noi ngitamulpa hapataiso maringu, he baptises you from the 

 Spirit ; nado Petelun iman muingu Jcoamapa^ she saw Peter warming 

 himself from the fire ; pepe haradarangu, from the thinness of the earth. 



With personal nouns I is inserted as in the dative. 



Example : Heroda loanelngu ahan, Herod feared John ; ma/rilngu, 

 from the Spirit. 



Por verbs governing the ablative, see Syntax. 



(/) Locative. 



The locative meaning on, in, or at, is expressed by the suffix nu. 



Examples : — I)oidd7iu, in the wilderness ; ialugudanu, on the road ; 

 nongo puruJcanu, on his eyes ; tanamun Icoikaknu, in their hearts; lagonu, 

 in the house. 



There is another way of expressing the locative by the word au, in. 



Example : — loane lapataiso nuhepa au loritana, John baptised him 

 in Jordan ; taimanu au Dehapoli, on the border in Decapolis ; au gulai, 

 in a ship. 



The demonstrative senahi is very often used to translate the Lifu 

 ngone la, in the. 



Example : — Nurd walomizin senahi doid, a voice crying in the desert ; 

 mv/ra mud'6 garoweidamoin senahipasa, all the crowd assembledatthe door. 



(g) Ergative. 



The ergative expresses the doing of a thing by means of, or at the 

 same time with, another It is shown by the suffix ia, and is trans- 

 lated " with" in Sharon's vocabulary, but the exact meaning seems 

 difficult to define. A reciprocal meaning is sometimes present, e.g. 

 when two things come in contact ia is used. Sometimes the meaning 

 " by, alongside." Cf. the following examples : — 



Noi uzar a nahepa getia ielepan, he came and took her by the hand ; 

 lago ngipen paruia, village in front of you ; nongo igalgia, among or by 



