Eay & Haddon — The Languages of Torres Straits — II. 153 



10. Paru, forehead, face; paru-idun, to deceive. 



11. Silu, liver ; sibu-wanan, to pity (perhaps " cheer up ") (put 



a liver) ; silo-pajyalamiz, to doubt (liver flies away). The 

 liver is probably regarded as the seat of courage. 



12. Talai, shoulder; tahal-uradiz, to carry on the shoulders. 



(2.) Nominal prefixes are names of objects, and are not so easily 

 distinguished as the preceding. 



1. Bard, grass; })ar6-pxi,daipa, to buy (i.e. barter, put down on. 



the grass) ; cf. za-pudamoin, to sell (put down a thing). 



2. Bupo, the bush; lup-ari%, to flee (run to bush). 



3. Butu, sQ-ndL; hutu-pataipa, to cleanse; hutu-paliz, to shake ofl, 



4. Guia, wind ; gubal-puian, to blow. 



5. Gud, opening (see mouth) ; gud-paliz, to bud. 



6. la, iadu, word ; ia-muliz, to say ; iadu-palgan, to confess j 



iadu-turizo, to inform ; ia-Tcaman, to inform ; ia-utumizi, 

 to command. Most verbs expressing the saying of some- 

 thing take this prefix. 



7. Suj:), covering ; sup-nuran, to cover [nuran, to wrap). 



(3.) Modal prefixes. — These mostly describe the manner of the 

 action expressed by the verb, and might almost be classed with the 

 directives. 



1 . Dada, in the middle, between ; dada-mangiz, to meet (come 



in middle). 



2. Garo, together; garo-guimani, to shake, quiver, earthquake; 



garo-pataman, to collect food ; garo-taean, to press ; gar^- 

 nanamiz, to crowd ; gard-weidamoin, to assemble. 



3. Kido, over ; hido-taean, to turn over, overthrow. 



4. Kun, back; kunia-tidiz, to return. 



5. Pa, motion; pa-toridiz, to carry along; pa-ielpan, to lead 



along ; pa-ieudiz, to pour ; pa-waliz, to land, climb on 

 shore ; pa-taean, to throw ; pa-zilamiz, to move agaiast, 

 to attack ; pa-nudiz, to press, nib along, etc. Nearly all 

 verbs of motion begin with pa, and it is also used with 

 the dii'ectives. Cf. also the dative suffix and verbal 

 ending pa. 



6. Pal, double (cf. dual demons) ; tu-pal-taan, to fold {tu = 



EngKsh two). 



