Ray & Haddon — The Languages of Torres Straits — II. 157 



matadodalo (b), inland ; gimal, on the top, over, above ; sigal, at a 

 distance ; wagel, last. Sigal is declined in dat. and abl, sigapa, 

 to a distance ; sigazi, from a distance. The vrord ho, meaning the 

 place close by, is declined like sigal : hopa, to a little distance ; Tcozi, 

 from a little distance ; hou, of a little distance. 



Example : lesu Kopa amadan u%ar, Jesus went forward a little ; 

 noi kozi gurtigui uzar, he had gone a little further on ; kozi Tcain gbiga 

 palagizo, a little after new sun rose ; ita hou nitaman, sit hereabouts. 

 Macgillivray has Tcareki, hereabouts. Siei is also declined ; sieiTci, 

 from there. 



Emphasis is given to adverbs of place and time by prefixing kbi 

 {kai, hei) great, very ; Icbi-sigal, very far, etc. Examples occur in 

 all the authorities, and Macgillivray uses also Tcwra with the same 

 meaning ; Icaramalupa, a long way down, far below. 



3. Time. — Ndbi, now, at present ; nali-gbiga, to-day ; mata-dolura, 

 immediately ; kaihb, Icaibu, now, soon, to-day ; kulu Icubo, anywhile ; 

 tumatuma, by-and-by, presently ; hafainga, in the morning ; langal, 

 to-morrow ; matalangal (ii), a week or so hence ; ngul, ngulb, yester- 

 day ; war-gaiga (b) (other day) yesterday ; hul, two or three days 

 ago ; matakul, a week or two ago ; Jcorehida, a long time ago ; muasin, 

 after ; laJcb, again ; tnaia, continually, still, yet ; ngaru, ever, always. 



4. Ma y NEB,. — IToi, kai, kei, very ; laTco, more ; mata, only ; mamu, 

 carefully ; samidb, really ; tomaha, perhaps ; purke (m), well, etc. ; 

 hasa, just, only (cf. kusaig and Mir. no) ; kasa-kupal, just a body, 

 naked ; kasa-talu, only a snake, i.e., a harmless one ; kasa wanan^ 

 forsake, leave alone ; nainonibe, separately. 



5. Some adverbs have a reduplicated form. Ikalikal, gladly ; 

 moil/moil, sadly ; kulaikulai, before ; tumatuma, by-and-by. 



§ VII. — Postpositions and Local Nouns. 



These take the place of the English prepositions. 



1. The postpositions used as suffixes to nouns and pronouns are : 

 u, n, mun, of ; pa, Ipa, mulpa, to, for ; ngu, muhigu, from through, 

 concerning ; nu, at, on, in ; do, du, by, by means of ; ia, lia, munia, 

 with ; le, possessed of ; igi, gi, without. 



The use of these words has been fully illustrated in the sections on 

 pronouns, nouns, and adjectives. 



