ScHARFF — On the Origin of the European Fauna. 



461 



Scotland was connected with Scandinavia till a much more recent 

 period (see p. 441). It is likely, therefore, that a marine transgression 

 from the White Sea took place at the time when the Aralo-Caspian 

 extended much further north than its present boundaries, that the 

 Arctic mollusca migrated from the Arctic Ocean direct to the Baltic, 

 where the pre- Glacial deposits exhibit a curious intermingling of the 

 ancient southern fauna with the newer immigrants from the north. 



5. — Map showing land-connexion between Europe and Greenland in later 

 Pliocene times (marked white). ^ The shaded parts were covered 

 by the sea at that time. 



Deposits containing Arctic marine mollusca were also discovered below 

 the boulder-clay near the shores of the Wliite Sea, another proof of 

 the former extension of the Arctic Ocean in this direction. 



I can only allude at present to an important feature in the physical 

 geography of jS'orthern Europe, which will be dealt with more fully 



1 During deposition of lower continental boulder-clay, or, we might say, in 

 pre-Forest-bed times. 



2 K 2 



