Knowles — Prehistoric Remains, Sandhills, Coast of Ireland. 335 



superiorly ; the cranial vault is rounded. The inion is moderately large 

 and the muscular impressions of the occipital are fairly well marked. 



"The sutures are complex, and none are obliterated; there is a 

 wormian bone (22 by 15 m.m.) in the lambdoial suture on the left side. 



" The following are all the measurements I have been able to make 

 of the cranium, but I must again point out that owing to its fractured 

 state and the absence of numerous fragments the measurements cannot 

 be absolutely relied upon : — 



" Gabello-occip. length, 192 ; ophyro-occip. length, 188; maximum 

 (parietal) breadth, 140 ; minimum frontal breadth, 92 ; basio-bregmatic 

 height, 145; frontal sagittal arc, 125; parietal saggital arc, 143; 

 occipital saggital arc, 119 ; nasio-opisthial arc, 387 ; foramen magnum 

 length, 36 ; basio-nasial length, 101 ; total sagittal circumference, 523 ; 

 bi-auric. breadth, 121 ; auriculo-bregmatic arc, 309 ; horizontal circum- 

 ference, 518 ; auriculo-nasal radius, 96 ; auiiculo-bregmatic radius, 126; 

 auiiculo -parietal radius, 129. 



" The length-breadth index is 72-9; the length -height index is 

 75 "G ; the breadth-height index is 103'6; taking the auriculo -radial 

 measurements, the length-height (bregmatic) index is 65 '6, and the 

 breadth-height (bregmatic) is 90. The cranium is therefore dolicho- 

 cephalic and metriocephalic, or, according to the breadth-height index, 

 orthostenocephal. 



" It is unfortunate that the face is wanting, as the nasal and orbital 

 indices are of great importance ; but although the specimen is so imper- 

 fect I have little hesitation in stating that I consider this to be a fairly 

 typical example of a cranium of the Iberian group of the Mediterranean 

 race. In other words, it is an example of the race that was dominant 

 during the JSTeolithic Stage of Culture. The typically contracted 

 position of the body, and the fact of it resting on one side afford 

 presumptive evidence that the interment was an early one and probably 

 contemporary with the settlement." 



Scarcely any implement different in character from those previously 

 described and figured were obtained during the investigation referred 

 to. Scrapers of various kinds were the most numerous. The 

 other finds consisted of a few knifelike flakes of the kind which are 

 worked over the back, and locally known as "slugs." Also a few 

 knives and choppers with an edge made by the intersection of two 

 facets, like that of the kitchen midden axe. Bones smoothed and 

 pointed for pins, tines of red deer smoothed, cut and pointed, fragments 

 of pottery both plain and ornamented, hammerstones, cores and flakes 

 were also met with, some of them occurring in gi'eat abundance. 



