372 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



scraping or cutting, as the marks of snch use are frequently- 

 apparent. 



There was also a specially made flake for our Irish hollow scrapers. 

 These were short, thin, and flat flakes, having the back and front faces 

 parallel. They are foimd in the sandhills, but finds of these flakes, 

 some unworked, others partially or entirely made into hollow scrapers, 

 have turned up. One such find occurred in a peat bog called Black Top, 

 near Slemish, in the bottom of the bank, while a workman was cutting 

 tui'f in the summer of 1898. There were forty-three pieces, of which 

 nine were mantifactured hollow scrapers, eleven good-sized flakes suit- 

 able for making into hollow scrapers, of which foui' are shown in the 

 top row of No. XI. There were also ten flakes of the right sort, but 

 small, which I consider would have been looked on as waste material, 

 and there were ten flakes which, from their shape, I consider would 

 have been unsuitable for hollow scrapers. There were, besides, three 

 ordinary scrapers. Another flnd of similar flakes to those figured on 

 first row of 'Eo. XI., all good and suitable for making into hollow 

 scrapers, was got under a stone in bog in the townland of Moylarg, 

 county Antrim, in September, 1898. In this find there were eleven 

 flakes, a common scraper, and a long, narrow fabricator, which had 

 been chipped into shape. I suspect there may have been some manu- 

 factured hollow scrapers in the find, which were sold separately. 

 Although no finds of hollow scraper flakes have been obtained from the 

 sandhills, yet the manufactured implements have been found in com- 

 parative abundance, and those separate finds of flakes give us con- 

 siderable insight into the production of this class of implement. I 

 show in the second row of No. XI. four hollow scrapers to enable anyone 

 to compare the simple flake with the manufactui'ed implement. Fig. 

 83 is a hollow sci'aper from the immediate neighbourhood of Slemish, 

 fig. 84 from Portstewart, county Derry, fig. 85 from Bundoran, county 

 Donegal, and fig. 86 from Dundrum, county Down. Such finds as I 

 have mentioned show evident intention on the part of the makers to 

 produce fiakes suitable for manufacturing into hollow scrapers, and we 

 have thus, in connexion with our sandhill finds, three well-marked 

 kinds of flakes — winged flakes, scraper flakes, and hollow scraper 

 flakes. 



There are other well marked kinds of flakes in connexion with our 

 Irish Stone Age, which though not abundant in the sand-hills are still 

 represented there, while they are very plentiful in inland sites. The 

 first kind I shall describe are pointed flakes. I show a series of these 

 in No. XII. They are found abundantly in the Bann district, and some 



