376 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



trimmed off, and in this condition forms the back of the knife. The 

 other flake edge is used as the cutting part, and a short tang is worked 

 for insertion into a handle. The Narin flakes were mostly of this kind, 

 and over twenty beautifully made small knives were found at the sites 

 near this place. See figs. 10 to 13, No. III., p. 344. 



Again, we have very small flakes, whose only character as a separate 

 class would be their smallness. Such flakes must have been carefully 

 struck from the minute cores we so frequently flnd. I flgui'e a speci- 

 men, one of many found at Portstewart, county Derry. See flg. 62, 

 No. VIII., p. 363. 



We have thus a number of well marked kinds of flakes — winged 

 flakes, scraper flakes, hollow scraper flakes, pointed flakes, and knife 

 flakes. The flrst kind were the refuse produced in manufacturing our 

 larger implements, but found to be useful for chopping, scraping or 

 cutting, and therefore were utilized. All the others were produced 

 specially as flakes, and I believe that each kind was the product of 

 design on the part of the makers. The divisions I have outlined may 

 not be full enough to include all kinds, but some such classification as 

 I have mentioned seems to me the only natural way to arrange these 

 much-neglected but interesting objects. Other class names, different 

 from those adopted by me, may be given. Some of those I have used 

 may have been applied before, and are often applied to the objects in 

 spoken language. The names are nothing. It is the evident design 

 that was in the mind of the workman to produce such kinds of flakes 

 as he reqtured, and his ability to do so, which I wish particidarly to 

 draw attention to. 



Akeow-heads. 



Although arrow-heads from the sand-hills are few, as compared 

 with scrapers, yet a good number has been collected from various sites. 

 From Whitepark Bay a series of very coarse objects has been found 

 which may be called arrow-heads. Perhaps they may be only partially 

 made, but, I believe, they would be effective enough in their present 

 form, and as scarcely anything better of this kind has turned up there, I 

 think we must look on them as completed implements. Two of these 

 coarse arrow-heads are shown in figs. 105, 106, No. XIII. Two others 

 of the same class are shown in the first report, figs. 4 and 7, No. XII., 

 and two more in the second report, figs. 11 and 12, No. XXIII., all 

 from Whitepark Bay. I show in fig. 108 a partly made arrow-head 

 from Portstewart. It is only chipped round the edges on the face shown. 



