408 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academij. 



paid out or stopped, not money accruing for tlie use of the capital.^ 

 That is the natural meaning of impendium^ and almost the necessary 

 meaning in connexion with fenus. In Cicero, Eep. 59 cum plehes 

 2)ublica calamitate impendiis deiilitata dejiceret, the Tvords means 

 * payments,' 'expenses,' which they had to meet. In Brut. 16 ut 

 impendiis etiam augere p)ossimus largitatem tui muneris, the mean- 

 ing is 'by something additional,' and the reference is to the Hesiodic 

 maxim, Op, et Dies, 349 ev /xev //.crpetcr^at Trapa ■yetToi'05, ev 8' aTro^ovvai. 

 <3.vT(2 Tu jj-^Tpu) KOL XwLov oL KE 8vv7]aL. lu CicBro, pro Qulut. 12 qui ah 

 adulescentido qiiaestiwi sihi instituisset sine imp e n dio, postea quam nescio 

 quid impendit et in commune contulit, mediocri quaestu conte?itus esse non 

 poterat the words sine impendio mean 'without incurring any expense.' 

 "^^ith some hesitation I venture to suggest the following emendation 

 of the passage in Yarro, which is confessedly ' obscurior ' as K. 0. 

 Miiller says : — a quo ^hsurae quod in sortem accedehat <impendendo> 

 i mp en di u m aptjiellatum ; quae quom accederet ad sortem usu, u s u r a 

 dicta. The generic word for all that accrues to the creditor other than 

 the bare sum lent is usura. The ' expenses,' ' charges,' the money 

 paid over and above the amount due on the footing of interest proper, 

 is impendium ; the ' interest ' proper, which is the money accruing for 

 the use of the loan, is called usura in the strict sense. Or perhaps we 

 Tiiight cut out the fii'st usura. 



vi. 1. 5 and vi. 2 . 7 — 



Confeceram ut solverent cen- Salaminios . . . adduxi ut totum 



tesimis sexennii ductis cum re- nomen Scaptio vellent solvere, sed 

 novatione singulorum annorum. centesimis ductis aproxima quidern 

 At Scaptius quaternas postulabat. syngrapha nee perpetuis sed reno- 



vatis quotannis. !Xumerabantur 

 nummi : noluit Scaptius. 



It only needs to put these passages side by side to show the contra- 

 diction in them. Cicero could only adjudicate on the last 'renewal' 

 of the syngrapha ; and even the original loan had not been contracted 

 so long as six full years before. We have seen reason (p. 404) to 



1 See " Select Committee on Money-Lending," March 17, 1898 :— 



Question 843. — You advanced him £100, and you gave Miii in cash £75 ? 

 Advanced him £100 ; charged him £25; total £100: three months' bill of ex- 

 ■change. 



Question 844. — That comes to the same thing : and there were £3 expenses P 

 ■Shall I refer, and see if that was paid r 



Question 845.— Just look : I think you will find it is coiTect ? He paid £3. 



