Bkrnard — The Charters of the Abbey of Duiske. 19 



Et sit ipsa abbatia cum omnibus tenementis suis extra forestam et omnino 

 sine regardo forestarie. Et liceat eisdem monachis de boscho et in omni bosco 

 suo, de aquis et in a(|uis suis quicquid uoluerint faccrc. Et sint liberi ab 

 omni uexatione et penitus extra dangeriuni foiestavioium et omnium aliorum 

 seruientuni terre, de pastu, uidelicet, et omnibus aliis exactionibus quas 

 forestaiii et alii seruientes lene solent exigere, et de omnibus querelis et 

 placitis et occasiouibus et consuetudinibus, et de omni seruili opeie et seculari 

 exactione. 



Et habeant sibi omuimodani forisfacturam propriovum hominum suorum, 

 sola iusticia uite et membrorum mihi et heredibus meis letenta. 



Et per omnes forestas meas pasturam habeant porcorum suorum quietam 

 a pannagio, et quicquid ad ardendum et ad edificandum babueriut neces- 

 sarium. 



Si quis uero uel in presenti uel in futuio quiequam de his que predicte 

 abbatie concessi calumpniatus fuerit, non tenebuntur inde monachi respondere, 

 sed ad me pertinebitetad heredes meos calumpuiatoribus eorum uelescambio 

 uel alio rationabili modo satisfacere, monachisque quicquid eis donaui guaran- 

 tizare et integrum eonseruare. 



Districte ergo prohibeo super forisfacturam meam, uidelicet decern mar- 

 carum, ne quis eos uel homines suos aut seruientes suos aut res aut posses- 

 siones eorum maliciose uexet aut grauet uel in aliqua re disturbet. Quod si 

 quis facere presumpserit dei maledictionem et meam similiter et forisfacturam 

 premonstratam se nouerit incidisse. 



Quicunque uero locum ipsum et elemosinam meam eidem assiguatam pro- 

 mouerint sine manu tenueriut, cum dei benedictione et mea remuneratiouem 

 eternam inueniant. 



Testibus Domino Albino episcopo Fernensi et Hugone Oxeriensi, Johanne 

 ilariscallo, Johanne de Erleg, "Willelmo de Lundon, Eadulpho de Bendeuill, 

 Mylone filio episcopi, Philippe Prendelgast, Thoma filio Autonii, Waltero 

 Porcell, Willelmo de Sancto Leodegario, Thoma de Dumnier, Mauritio de 

 Lundon, Andrea Auenel, Willelmo de Cantinton, Johanne de Penriz, Eustachio 

 de Bertrimmunt, Terrico de Niuer', Thoma Piussel et multis aliis. 



This charter was executed in Ireland, as the names of the witnesses indicate, 

 and it may be dated shortly after William Marshal's arrival to take up his fief in 

 1207. Its terms were closely followed by Walter Marshal, the founder's son, in 

 his charter to Dunbrody Abbey' about 12-11. 



The Saxon legal terms employed arc common in deeds of this nature. ' Socha' 

 is from the Saxon • soch,' which means ' liberty,' sc. to minister justice. ' Sacha ' 

 is from ' sac,' a ' cause,' and denotes the privilege which the lord of a manor had 

 of holding pleas in causes of debate among his vassals. ' Toll ' implies liberty to 

 take ' custom ' and to be exempt therefrom. ' Theam ' is from ' tymau,' to bring 

 forth, and has to do with the powers of the lord of the manor over his vassals and 

 their children. ' Infangenetheof ' denotes the liberty to try a thief for offences 

 committed within the estate. 



' C.M.A. ii, 162. 



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