20 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



All the early douations of land to the convent were, like this the first, given 

 ' pro salute animae ' of the donor and his relatives. They were made ' in puram 

 et perpetuam elemosynam,' and there was no question of any return by way of 

 rent or the like, for the first half century of the life of the abbey. Thereafter 

 leases begin to appear among the abbey muniments, no. 61 being the first granted 

 by an individual of which we have a record. 



William Marshal's seal is still attached to the charter, which is mentioned (as 

 is natural) in the Extracts from the Duiske registers (E, F, L|. 



Cistercian abbeys were always dedicated to God and the Blessed Virgin Mary ; 

 and they were generally given some special title in addiliou. Thus Baltinglass was 

 ' de Valle Salutis,' Killenny was 'de Valle Dei,' and Duiske, with which we are 

 particularly concerned, was ' de Valle sancti Saluatoris.' 



It has been already explained (p. 12) that it was through his wife Isabella, 

 Strongbow's daughter, that William Marshal obtained his vast possessions. 



A carucate contained about 120 Irish acres ; and of the eleven carucates granted 

 lit Annavudt, charters 1 and 2 have told of quit claims by former tenants. 



The land held by Stephen de Valle was at Tulachany (see further, p. 21), or 

 Grange, in the barony of Shillelogher, co. Kilkenny, a district already mentioned 

 (p. 18) as one of the temporary resting-places of the monks from Stanley, before 

 the abbey of Duiske was built. In 12-17 we find John de Valle holding Marshal 

 lands at Tulachany,' and the family — variously known as do Valle, Wale, Wall, 

 Veal, or Calf — remained there for centuries. Stephen de Valle appears elsewhere 

 as a witness, along with Alan Beg, to a Charter of William do Burg, who died in 

 1200.= 



The district known as the Islaitd was part of the parish of Kihuokca in the 

 barony of bhelburne, co. Wexford ; it is no longer separated from the mainland, as 

 the channel has long since been filled up. 



Most of the witnesses to this important charter were considerable people : 



Albin WMolloy, bishop of Ferns, was the lost Celtic bishop of that see. He had 

 been formerly abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Baltinglass, and had in 1204 

 (see Charier 6) already consecrated a cemetery for his brother Cistercians at Duiske. 

 He ruled the see of Ferns from llHG to 1223. 



For Uutjh Ic Koits, bishop of Ossory, and John Marshal, see p. 15, above. 



Johji d'Erlie, so called from Early in Berkshire, was one of William Marshal's 

 most trusted followers. He came to Ireland with his lord in February, 1207, and 

 was entrusted with the cu.stody of southirn Leinster when the earl was summoned 

 back to England by King .John. Ho witnessed the Charters granted to Kilkenny, 

 and to Dunbrody and Tintern abbeys. He obtained the estate, now known as 

 Earlston, in the barony of Shillelogher, co. Kilkenny, from an earlier Anglo- 

 Norman grantee. He was probably alive in 1228 (see Charter 25). 



Williajn de Ixmdon was possibly a kinsman of Henry de Londres, who was 

 archbishop of Dublin from 1218 to 1228; he appears as a witness to a charter 

 granted by that prelate.' He also witnessed King .John's charter to Dublin in 

 1200,' and William Marshal's charter to Tintern,' as well as two deeds preser\'ed 

 in the archives of Christ Church, Dublin.' 



' C.M.A. ii. 405. 2 R.T.A. 105. ' R.T.A. 280 ; cf. 57. (i8. 



* Churtat, &<:., p. 12. ■' Ibid., p. 80. « Kos. 28, 29. 



