Lawlok — Notes on St. Bernar(Vs Life of St. Mnlach). 239 



from Rome to Ireland. Some years later lie made his third journey, which 

 ended at Clairvaux about three weeks before his death. 



On the second journey Malachy embarked at Lapasperi, which has been 

 identified with Cairngarroch in the parish of Stoneykirk, Wigtownshire,' 

 sailing thence to Bangor." On the third journey he. apparently sailed from 

 Bangor, or some port near it, and probably landed at or near Lapasperi, as 

 the first stop in Scotland was at Soulseat (Viride Stagnum), about eight 

 miles from Cairngarroch, and three miles S.-E. of Stranraer.^ Thence, no 

 doulit, he went by the most direct route through Glenluce and Newtown 

 Stewart to Carlisle. No particulars are given of the first journey through 

 Scotland ; but, in the absence of information, the route may be supposed to 

 have coincided with that of the third journey as far as Carlisle. On the 

 second journey tlie saint appears to have made a detour for the purpose of 

 visiting King David I ; for, immediately after passing a night as his guest, we 

 find him passing through Crugeldum (now Cruggleton) on the west coast of 

 Wigtown Bay, near Whithorn. From that place he journeyed through the 

 village of St. Michael's Church in the parish of Mochrum^ to Cairngarroch. 



On his first journey through England he visited York,' presumably follow- 

 ing pretty closely the line of Erniing Street, through London to the coast. It 

 may indeed be objected that Ermiug Street did not then exist. Malachy may 

 rather, like Wolsey in the time of Henry VIII,^ have gone by the great North 

 Eoad. But that road coincides with Erming Street up to a point a few miles 

 south of Grantham. The mileage of the two routes to York is almost identical. 

 For my purpose, which is to discover the length of the journey in miles, it 

 matters not which of them he followed : for convenience, the line of Erming 

 Street may be assumed. It is reasonable to suppose that on the return 

 journey he kept to the same route ; but for this we have no evidence. 



On the third journey Malachy " turned aside " at the very border of 

 England to visit the monastery of Gisburn in Yorkshire." Thus we are 

 assured that on that occasion he did not go by York or Ermiug Street, but 

 by the alternative route from Carlisle to London, approximately along the 

 line of Watling Street ; for it passed through Eibchester, from which Gisburn 

 is only fourteen miles distant.' For determining his route we have 



' O'Hanlon, Ht. Mcdachij, p. 81. Sir Andrew Agiiew {Hereditary Slieriffs of Gallowatj, 

 1893, vol. i, p. 58 f.) preferred another Cairngarroch in the parish of Leswalt. 



- Vita, ^!j 40, 42. -^ Ih., {&&. 



•* Sir Herbert Maxwell kindly informs nie that the Church of Mochrum was anciently 

 dedicated to St. Michael. The village surrounding it is now known as Kirk of Mochrum. 



■■ Vita, i 35. 



" See Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, Kelmsworth Press, ISit.'i, pp. 193-224. 



^ Vita, k 69. 



' On his way from Overtowu to Ribchester Malachy uuist have passed through StJttle 

 and Chetburn. Gisburn is about three miles from the direct road between those places. 



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