Clare Island Survey — General Introduction and, Narrative. 1 5 



On June 19 Miss Knowles went west to collect Lichens and Flowering 

 Plants, and spent a fortnight in the Louisburgh and Westport districts, and 

 on the island. 



Two parties were organized in July. The first one, crossing on July 8, 

 included D. K. Pack-Beresford, who worked the Spiders, first of the island, 

 and subsequently of the Mulranny neighbourhood; Prof. J. Wilson, who 

 studied the agricultural conditions of the island, past and present ; and the 

 writer, who pushed on with a vegetation map. The second party, crossing 

 on July 16, included F. Balfour-Browne (Water-beetles), A. D. Cotton (Sea- 

 weeds), N. Colgan (Marine Mollusca), J. de W. Hindi (Glacial Geology), 

 A. W. Hill (Botany), W. F. de V. Kane (Lepidoptera), A. B. Nichols 

 (Polyzoa, &c), and Miss J. Stephens (Sponges, &c). 



The marine fauna and flora received much attention during this trip ; 

 considerable collections were made, and some inshore dredging was carried 

 out by N. Colgan and K. LI. Praeger. Messrs. Balfour-Browne, Kane, Cotton, 

 and Colgan subsequently carried out further work around Louisburgh and 

 Westport ; and Miss Stephens, revisiting the district almost immediately 

 explored the shores of Achill, Belclare, and Louisburgh. 



At the end of July we were fortunate in securing the assistance of 

 Dr. Eugene Penard, of Geneva, the well-known authority on the Rhizopoda. 

 He spent a week in the district, collecting on the island, and in the Louisburgh 

 and Achill neighbourhoods. 



On August 20 a strong party went to the island for a week's work, chiefly 

 at the flora. It included Sir H. C. Hawley (Fungi), J. Adams (Marine Algae), 

 Eev. Canon Lett (Mosses and Hepatics) ; also Dr. Otto Stapf of Kew and 

 Miss Saunders of Newnham College ; the late Dr. G. Fogertyand T. J. Westropp 

 (Archaeology), W. Eankin (Crustacea), and the writer. The "Helga" came 

 in on August 23, with G. P. Farran and S. W. Kemp on board, and, joined 

 by Messrs. Eankin, Adams, and Praeger, three days were devoted to dredging. 

 Messrs. Westropp and Fogerty were successful in their antiquarian work, 

 and their results form an interesting chapter of the Eeport. A preliminary 

 survey of the fungus flora was made, and dredging added some important 

 species to the list of Algae already made by A. D. Cotton. Sir Henry Hawley 

 subsequently worked the Westport district for Fungi. 



Early in September the last expedition of the year was sent down. The 

 late G. W. Chaster, Edward Collier, A. W. Stelfox, E. Welch, and J. N. Milne 

 worked Achill Sound, Clare Island (especially), Louisburgh, Westport, and 

 thence to Castlebar. Land and fresh-water Mollusca particularly engaged 

 their attention, but many insects, &c, were also collected, and Mr. Welch 

 secured a fine series of photographs on the island. D. M'Ardle, who went 



