2 10 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



no remark. So also I need only mention the occurrence of forts between 

 Murrisk and Westport. A fort at the latter town is named Cahernamart. 



The remaining forts I shall describe as on the various islands. The most 

 remarkable are Dun-Ooghaniska on Clare Island, the Duns at Portadoon in 

 Turk, and Dunmore (Dunkeen) and Dunnahineena in Bonn. Owing to the • 

 light soil, the removal of the stonework, and the ceaseless inroads of the sea, 

 it is wonderful that so much of interest remains to be recorded. Doubtless 

 numerous forts have vanished altogether, even in the last three centuries, 

 from these powerful causes of destruction. 



Later Buildings. — On Achill Sound is the neat, small peel tower of the 

 O'Mailles. 1 It is a typical specimen, and probably dates from between 1460 

 and 1480, with small window-slits, one with a characteristic ogee-head. The 

 under-story is vaulted, and was so filled with carts and turf-ricks on my 

 visits that I could not get up to the other stories. The tower is neatly 

 battlemented, and has often been illustrated. It forms, with its beautiful 

 surroundings, the broad Sound, the purple hills, and the golden and brown 

 seaweed of its rocky base, a most picturesque object. Kildawnet Church 

 has a simple (and perhaps ancient) oblong slit in its west gable ; but the rest 

 was repaired and used for a chapel, so little of its older features is traceable. 

 The south door is lintelled, with a small square recess to either side. The 

 two side-windows are oblong and modern ; so is the light of the east window. 

 Over the latter is a relieving arch of thin slabs. There are three plain old 

 ambries — two in the east wall, and one at the east corner of the north wall. 

 I found no old tombstones. 



On the other islands are the early church, cashel, and monuments at 

 Caher ; the clochans or religious cells on Inishark ; the thirteenth-century 

 abbey, with fifteenth-century repairs, and the curious holy wells on Clare 

 Island. St. Columba's Church has been levelled on Turk. St. Colman's 

 Abbey is to all appearance a very late building, but it has an evidently early 

 basin or font. St. Leo's Church, on Inishark, has been altogether modernized ; 

 but a neat window-slit is preserved. 



Of the castles south from Achill, that on Clare Island, attributed to Grania 

 Uaille, is evidently of her period, in the latter half of Queen Elizabeth's 

 reign ; while " Bosco's Castle " (or " Cromwell's Barracks "), guarding the 

 harbour of Bonn, evidently dates from 1656. The other castle of "Gaiarhim" 

 has left no trace, nor has any description been preserved. 



iThe Lords of Umallia recorded in the Annals are— 1123, Tadhg CTa Mhaille drowned; 

 1177, Domnall; 1219, Dubhdara; 1362, Owen; 1401, Domnall ; 1415, Aedh ; 1421, Maelsechlainn 

 (tanist) , 1427, Aedh (tanist) ; 1560, Tuathal, " pilot of a fleet." 



