Clare Island Survey — History and Archaeology. 2 1? 



tide, but with no apparent artificial defences, is called Duntraneen. Beside 

 the road from the lighthouse is a small unshaped pillar. There are traces 

 that possibly represent a walled headland at Ooghbeg. Southward are the 

 curious well, hut, and altar, the last two in a dry-stone cashel of irregular 

 plan. There are middens, which as yet have yielded no implements, at the 

 north end of the strand, near the harbour. On the southern horn of the same 

 bay is the castle. Going westward along the south shore very slight traces 

 corroborate the name of Duneloak as a fortress. The abbey, with its cross- 

 scribed pillar and well, is in the best position between the shore and the 

 southern ridge ; to the east is a graveyard believed to be Christian, but 

 without monuments. Beyond the abbey, to the south-west, is the much- 

 levelled but most interesting of the shore-forts, at Ooghnagappul, called 

 Dunnagappul. Still further westward is the bold, fortified rock of Doon, 

 at Ooghaniska. The only other ancient monument is on the shoulder above 

 Budawanna, an irregular loop of small set stones, the age and purpose 

 alike doubtful. The old marks of cultivation are very curious on the hill- 

 sides with curved and even S drills. (Plate VI.) 



Names which give us at times hints on the physical features, plants, and 

 animals, abound on the island. Mr. Lloyd studies them in a separate section, 

 but I may be allowed to note their general bearing. First and most marked is 

 the unusually rich nomenclature of the creeks and caves — Oogh, Oomeen, and 

 Ooan — some merely referring to colour, like the two Ooghduffs, or shape, like 

 Ooghlahan (broad), Oomeemgarve (rough), Ooghkinkeel (narrow head), Ooghbeg 

 (little) ; others from natural or artificial features Ooghantur (of the tower) at 

 the castle in Glen ; Ooghanloghan (of the little pool) ; Ooghanwaud (of the 

 boat) ; Ooghgubamonemeen (of the month of the flat moor) ; Ooghnamara 

 (of the sea) ; Ooghaniska (of the water) ; Ooghganny (of the sand). Others 

 refer to plants, animals, and persons, such as Ooghcappul or Ooghnagappul (of 

 the horse) ; Ooghnacallyduff (of the cormorant) ; Ooghnamaddy (of the dog) ; 

 Oomeeuamuckmara (of the porpoise) ; Ooghnageeragh (of the sheep) ; Oogh- 

 catharina, Ooghmacnamara, and Ooghmoylanduff. Some thirty such names 

 remain, and show that the life of the people was so much concerned with the 

 shore that every rock and hollow needed a name, unlike the north coast at 

 the mountains, where the vast cliffs discouraged all acquaintance with the 

 shore, save at certain creeks. It is interesting that such oogh-nnraes are 

 absent from Achill, but are represented in Bonn, Shark, and Turk : thence 

 they are decidedly rare. Some racial or social fact must account for this. 



In other place-names we find the following animals : — The bull, Tonalta- 

 tarriff and Porttarriff ; the horse, Ooghacappul and Cushacappul ; the goat, 

 Capnagower ; the porpoise as above ; the eagle, Benilra ; the cormorant at 

 B.I.A. pkoc, vol. xxxi. C 2 



