Clare Island Survey — Phanerogamia. 10 47 



Vicia hirsuta. Mentha arvensis. 



Matricaria discoidea. Plantago major. 



Cnicus arvensis. Eumex conglomerate. 



C. lanceolatus. Holcus lanatus. 



Artemisia vulgaris. Poa annua. 



Lapsana communis. Bromus mollis. 



?Veronica arvensis. B. commutatus. 



(4) Found chiefly about houses and gardens, apparently permanently 

 established (* * *). 



Circaea lutetiana. Calystegia sepium. 



Conium maculatum. Symphytum officinale. 



iEgopodiurn Podagraria. Urtica dioica. 



(5) Miscellanea : — 



Viola arvensis — sandy bay near the harbour, one patch ; probably * * N. 



Crepis virens — a few plants only, on roadside, N * * or * * *. 



The other categories of non-native plants, no doubt, occasionally apply ; but 

 no groups of species can be placed under them. For instance, the seeds of 

 native plants which have invaded the farm-land of the adjoining mainland, 

 and are maintaining themselves there without the aid of man (N N" *), may 

 be eaten by birds and so brought into natural (* 1ST N) or artificial (* N *) 

 habitats on the island, or their introduction into a natural habitat may be 

 artificial (* * N") ; such cases are difficult to establish, and in any case they 

 play a very small part. 



A few particular cases of introduction may be dealt with at this point. 



Cotyledon Umbilicus. — Has spread apparently from one of its few native 

 habitats on the island to the walls of the old abbey, which now form its 

 headquarters. Spergxdaria rupestris and Asplenium marinum have done the 

 same. These species, elsewhere generally N" JST N, rank here as N N *. 



Circaea lutetiana. — Only in dry-built walls in front of a cottage on the way 

 to the light-house — no doubt introduced, probably with some bygone garden 

 plant, but apparently established. * * * 



Sambucus nigra. — Planted about cottages. Apparently not reproducing 

 itself from seed ; but this is probably due to the prevalence about the houses 

 of donkeys and calves. [* * *] 



Matricaria discoidea. — It is easy to see how this plant was introduced from 

 the mainland, where it is abundant on roadsides down to the edge of the sea. 

 In a very small amount of mud, scraped off my boots on arrival on the island 

 from Achill Sound in October, I found four seeds of this species. * * * (In 

 this connexion see also p. 54.) 



