Clare Island Survey— Phancrogamia. 10 51 



protease, and Alopemvrus pratensis) can be reckoned as native in any part of 

 Ireland. The rest have almost all been found in Ireland, their standing 

 ranging from mere casuals like Ahjssum calycinum and Alopemrus agrestis, to 

 established aliens such as Lychnis vespertina and Cuscuta Trifolii. These plants, 

 as a group, are light-soil species, with their headquarters far to the south and 

 east —Mediterranean xerophiles, Siberian steppe-plants, and so on ; and they 

 testify to that artificial movement of seeds westward and northward to which 

 reference has been made already on p. 36. 



The chance that any of these aliens will become established in the Clare 

 Island district even by repeated introduction is very remote, though some of 

 them have settled in the more eastern parts of Ireland, and many of them 

 in England, where climate and soil are more siutable for them. 



This single group of samples shows the possibility not only of the intro- 

 duction into the farm-land of a number of plants already holding the island 

 as natives, but of the former importation into the island of many of the non- 

 native species now found on the tilled land there. It demonstrates the ease 

 with which these aliens are spread by the operations of husbandry, the 

 probability that many of them were introduced to the island along with seed 

 in earlier times, and also how their continuance is probably promoted by 

 periodical reinforcements. 



The seeds of which samples were obtained on Clare Island were as 

 follows : — 



11 Grass, "A " mixture. 1 16 Scotch Potato Oats. 



12 Grass, " P " mixture. 1 17 Waverley Oats, Scotch. 



13 Grass, " T " mixture. 1 18 Yellow Globe Mangel. 



14 Barley. 19 Purple Top Turnip. 



15 Banner Oats, Scotch. 



No. 11. "A" mixture. Satisfactory sample: purity about 99 per cent. 



The presence of Eudbeckia, Plantago Bugelii (if correct), and Amaranthus 

 indicates an American admixture. 



Amaranthus sp. Plantago ?Bugelii. 



* Bromus mollis. * Polygonum Convolvulus. 

 Carex sp. * p. Persicaria. 



* Chenopodium album. Potentilla sp. 



N Deschampsia caespitosa. Eudbeckia ?hirta. 



Lycopus europaeus. N Rumex Acetosella. 



Oenothera sp. Silene Cucubalus. 



1 Composed as follows:— "A " mixture— 4 parts Lolium perenne, 2i L. italicum, 1£ Festu 



pratense, 1 Lolium italicum. 



G2 



