Adams — On the History of Irish Fossil Ilammals. 93 



Tinif ormity as regards the beam, which is slender and round, as obtains 

 in the English specimens, and the recent Eeindeer of IN'orway, as com- 

 pared with the flattened antlers of the Siberian stock. The presence 

 of Reindeers' and Horses' bones in the surface as well as the deeper 

 deposits of Shandon cave might indicate that they survived the Mam- 

 moth and Bear in Ireland.-^ 



Remains of the Eed Deer have been found in shell marl and other 

 sub-turbary deposits of Ireland, but in by far the greatest abundance 

 in the peat. Its presence in Shandon cave with the fauna just men- 

 tioned, and association with the Irish Elk, make it contemporaneous 

 with all the pleistocene Mammals.-- I have not seen Irish antlers of 

 the maximum dimensions of the horns from English cave and river 

 deposits. 



There is no valid proof whatever that remains of the Elk ( Cercus 

 alces) have been found in Ireland. The horn referred to by Thomp- 

 son,^ and now in his collection at Belfast, is clearly that of a recent 

 Elk. 



The MAiriiOTH {Eleplias primigeniiis). 



The presence of this Elephant in Ireland is confirmed by the fol- 

 lowing discoveries : — 



1. The teeth of a young individual were found in Cavan, in 1715.-^ 



2. A rib, possibly of an Elephant, is figured by Smith, who states 

 that it was dug up near Whitechurch, in the county of Waterford.-' 



3. I^early an entire skeleton of an Elephant, with the antepe- 

 nultimate molars entire, was discovered in Shandon cave, near Dun- 

 garvan, in the county of Waterford, in connexion with remains of 

 Reindeer, Red Deer, "Wolf, Eox, Ursusfossilis, Horse, and Hare. These 

 remains are now in the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin.^^ 



4. There is a nearly entire right humerus, No. 30, 531 of the Pa- 

 Iseontological Collection of the British Museum, recorded as having 

 been dredged up in the Bay of Galway. It is covered with Cirripedia 

 belonging to the genus Lepas, and bears every indication of marine 

 origin. The characters of the Mammoth's humerus are well shown 

 in this specimen. The locality indicates the most western point in 

 the Eiuropean distribution of the species hitherto recorded. 



5. I have lately been shown a photograph of portion of a molar of 

 this Elephant by the Rev. Dr. Grainger, D. D., of Browshane, who 

 states that he found it sticking in a marine deposit containing recent 

 shells, near Comeastle, county Antrim. He further informs me tbat 



21 Adams' Report on the Exploration of Shandon cave ; Transactions of the 

 Itoyal Irish Academy, vol. xxvi., p. 215. 



2^ Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. xx'vi., p. 224. 



-^ Report of the British Association, 1840, p. 362. 



-^ Molyneiix, Philosophical Transactions, vol. xxix., p. 367. 



-^ Smith, History of Waterford [1741], p. 81. Plate 2 ; figs. 1, 2, and 3. 



^ Carte, Journal of the Royal Dublin Society, vol. ii. Plate, x. ; p. 11. Adams, 

 Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. xxvi., p. 212. 



