Adams — On the History of Irish Fossil Mamniah. 97 



in size, and indicate a female and an old male, as surmised from the 

 sagittal ridge and frontal triangle. ^^ The larger, although greatly 

 exceeding the dimensions of any cranium of Ifrsus ferox or Ursus ardos 

 with which I have compared it, is three-fourths of an inch shorter 

 than the Leitrim skull ; at the same time there can he little doubt but 

 that all the three belong to the same species. 



5. A cranium without mandible ; No. 28, 906 of the Pala^ontological 

 Collection in the British Museum is stated to have been found " seven 

 feet below the surface in alluvial deposits under bog oak trees at 

 Clonbourne, King's County."^ 



A portion of the left zygoma is lost. The two canines and the 

 fourth premolar and first and second true molars are preserved in the left 

 maxilla, and the ultimate grinder in that of the right side. The mo- 

 lars and alveoli show indications of carious disease. The skull may have 

 belonged to an aged female, or a small male. It is an inch and three 

 quarters shorter than the Leitrim specimen, with which, and the Shan- 

 don one, it agrees in the cranial characters and the last molar ; whilst 

 the fourth p. m. is also biturbercular, thus correlating all their points 

 of distinction. 



6. A cranium, in the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin, was 

 discovered "in cutting away a new channel for the Boyne above 

 Leinster Bridge, in the county of Kildare." Other bones are stated 

 to have been found at the same time, but have not, however, been 

 preserved.^* The skull is dark, and, like the bones from the deposits 

 of Loch Gur, contrasts in that respect with the other skulls from the 

 shell marl and clays. Moreover, this skull is much smaller than 

 any of the foregoing, being two and a-half inches shorter than the 

 Leinster cranium. The coronal ridges are not well develoved, and 

 although the sutures are closed, it evidently belonged to a female or 

 adolescent male. The zygomata, incisors, ultimate true molar, to- 

 gether with the first and third of the right maxillae, are wanting. 

 The alveolus of the first premolar of the right side is completely obli- 

 terated, which is not by any means common unless in the gigantic 

 cave Bear, where it is very generally absent. 



The fourth premolar and successional molars are present in the 

 right maxilla, and are not much worn. The last molar has the round 

 posterior portion of the crown slightly contracted, with the three 

 cusps on the outer side of the grinding surface, and is much of the 

 same size as in TJrsus fossilis and 17. ferox. It is 34 x 20 millimetres. 

 The contour of the zygoma cannot be ascertained, but the posterior 

 nares are wider than usually noticed in Urstis ferox. This cranium 



2^ Mr. Denny, from such obvious discrepancies in the cranial ridges, has described 

 them as specific distinctions, whereas they are mere conditions relating to age 

 and sex. 



^* Catalogue of the Industrial Exhibition of Dublin, 1853, p. 152. 



^^ Wilde, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. v., p. 53, A2}l}endix, and 

 vol. vii., p. 192; fig. 1. 



