KiNAHAN — On 8ea-heaches. 193 



and thence still further northward along the "Wexford and "Wicklow 

 beaches ; those fragments having been traced to Greystones, a little 

 south of Bray Head. The second or middle current also carries frag- 

 ments of the Greenore and Carnsore rocks northward in seven fathoms 

 water, as has been proved by Thos. Winder, M. Inst. C.E., the Eesi- 

 dent Engineer of the Ballygeary Pier, while making a submarine 

 survey in connexion with the works ; and the third or on-shore 

 current carries similar fragments along the beach westward and after- 

 wards northward. 



The detritus carried by the second and third currents goes to the 

 Dogger Bank^ off the mouth of "Wexford Harbour. From this bank 

 some of the smaller stones are carried along the south or Hantoon 

 channel into the harbour, and lodged on the western side of the Rosslare 

 Bank ; while the rest of these are swept jS^.E. across the deep water 

 to the Blackwater Bank. Eew or none of them seem to be carried 

 across the North Channel into the J^orth Bay ; for, during my nume- 

 rous visits to that bay, scarcely a fragment of the Greenore or 

 Carnsore rocks was found along its beach ; and when found they 

 were only to the northward, in the vicinity of the south end of the 

 Cahore "Shingle Beach." This accumulation of shingle is described 

 fui-ther on. 



The water of the lagoon causes various complications off the mouth 

 of "Wexford Harbour, as the tide within the lagoon flows and ebbs 

 after the changes of the tide outside. In the early period of the out- 

 side "flow-tide," the northward current along the Raven and the 

 Blackwater cliffs seems due to the efflux from the lagoon, but after- 

 wards to a " flow-tide" current. There are alterations in the currents 

 due to the changes of the Dogger Bank, but these changes are in part 

 due to the wind waves. 



The Cahore Shingle Beach is about three miles long, and is largely 

 composed of fragments of the Greenore and Carnsore rocks ; with. 

 these there are others from the cliffs along the Blackwater coast. 

 From Cahore Point, during the latter part of the "flow-tide," a 

 "half counter-tide" runs towards the S. "W., which keeps back the 

 " Shingle Beach," and prevents it from approaching within half a 

 mile of the Point. 



Opposite Courtown (north of Cahore) is the "nodal" or "hinge 

 line " of the tides in the south portion of the Irish sea, where the rise 

 is least and- the current greatest. The on-shore current sweeps the 

 coast line from Cahore to Kilmichael Point ; but off the latter it is 

 met by a " counter- tide, " the meeting and colliding of the two form- 

 ing the " Kilmichael Ptace," which extends from the Point to off the 

 north end of the Glassgorman Bank. The refuse from the shipping 

 at Courtown Harbour, such as bits of brick, tile, slate, coal, &c., are 

 principally stranded along the beach a few miles S."W. of Kilmichael 



5 This Dogger Bank must not be confounded with the bank in the German. 

 Ocean. 



