KiNAHAX — On Sea-heaches. 201 



Summary of the General Effects of Tides and Winds on the East Coast 

 letxoeen Carnsore and JDalhey. 



"W. and S.W. Winds 



generate '' ground swells." In places they drift the sand from 

 the land out to sea, and on to the beaches. 

 S. Winds 



in places cause "fulls" at the northern extremities of the 

 strands, due partly to the banking up of the beach, and partly 

 to the land driftage of sand. They often generate "ground 

 swells." 



S.E. Winds 



carry away the southern end of the beaches, to fill them in at 

 the northern. At Poulduff (Cahore), two strong twelve-hour 

 gales are said to be sufficient to cut out the "fulls" south and 

 north of the pier. 



E.S.E. by E. to E.N.E. by E, 



generally heap up the beaches. In places, however, on account 

 of coming obliquely to the flow-tide current, they in part cut 

 them out, forming transverse ridges on the beach, Eig. 4, PI. 5, 

 The first drives up sand, gravel, and stones, and strands them ; 

 while the second " licks" them out. To form this class of beacli 

 the wind waves are not as effective as the tidal currents, and the 

 materials are more stranded than removed ; so that while the 

 wind lasts the strand fills. 



N.E. Winds 



cut out the northern portions of the strands, while they often 

 "fill" the beach to the southward. The most remarkable 

 "fulls" due to these winds are the previously -mentioned 

 "fulls" to the S.W. of Kilmichael Point, the "fulls" in the 

 strand near Wicklow, and in the strand near Bray. In the first 

 locality, after the continuous winds from the north-eastward 

 during the spring of 1876, a foreshore formed, in places over 

 200 yards wide, at the base of a cliff, where, during the previ- 

 ous winter, there was deep water. 



N. Winds. 



'^0 direct influence of these winds was observed, except that 

 they seemed to retard the flow of the tide up the Irish Sea. 



Ground swells, 



with the "flow-tide," usually "cut out." They sometimes 

 form transversely-ridged beaches similar to those due to E. 

 winds (Pig. 4, PI. 5) ; but in such cases the cutting out is gene- 

 rally in excess. 



At the beginning of the "ebb-tide," sometimes "cut out," 

 especially near Courtown. 



