Knott — On Abnormalities in Human Myology. 409 



twice seen. In one case the origin of the anomalous bundle of muscular 

 fibres was in common with the levator palpebrae superioris, and the 

 insertion into the fibrous pulley for tendon of superior obKque (rectus 

 quintiis of Molinetti; tensor trochleae of Budge). 



Depressor supercilii (Lesshatf) ; depressor palpehrarum (Arlt) ; 

 lachrymalis anterior (Henke). — Of this muscle the fibres were found 

 moderately well developed in two cases out of seven in which it was 

 looked for. In the others it was almost completely absent : a few 

 fibres were found with diSiculty in two of them. 



Depressor palpehrae inferioris (Caldani). — This muscle, which 

 seems to be a continuation of some of the fibres of the platysma 

 myoides, I have been able to define clearly in five out of eighteen 

 cases in which it was searched for, the upper extremity being 

 attached to the lower fibres of the orbicularis palpebrarum. 



Orhicularis palpebrarum. — A slip fi'om this muscle to the levator 

 palpebrae superioris is described by Henle and noticed by Professor 

 Macalister. I consider it to be a not uncommon arrangement, as I 

 have found it developed in a considerable number of instances, 

 although I did not take any note of the proportion. The origin of 

 the zygomaticus minor from the lower fibres of the orbicularis I have 

 twice observed. 



Levator lalii superioris. — The only deviation from the usually ac- 

 cepted description of this muscle which I have met with is the trici- 

 pital arrangement described by Eustaehius, the outer coming from the 

 malar bone [caput zygomaticum, joclibeinzacTce of Henle). This bundle 

 of fibres was well developed in about one-third the cases examined. 



Depressor septi mohilis narium (Meyer, Krause), defressor apicis 

 naris, nasalis lahii superioris, nasolahialis — looked upon by many as 

 merely a septal attachment of the orbicularis oris, has been more cor- 

 rectly described by Meyer as a separate muscle of triangular form. 

 The base is below, blending with the upper fibres of the orbicularis oris, 

 and apex above, attached to the lower border of the septal cartilage. 



Risorius (Santorini). — The typical arrangement of the fibres of 

 this muscle — from parotidean fascia to angle of mouth, blending with 

 orbicularis oris — is met with in a large proportion of cases. The fibres 

 in their inward course pass superficial to those of the platysma myoides, 

 and form with the latter an acute angle. The risorius of most of our 

 text-books of the present day is derived from the platysma itself, but 

 the description is I think rather a loose one, and not borne out by the 

 results of careful repeated examination. Earer origins have been de- 

 scribed — from the zygoma (M'Whinnie) ; external ear ( Albiniis) : fascia 

 over upper third of sterno-cleido-mastoid (Hallett) ; an accessory head 

 from transversus nuchae (F. E. Schultze) — of each of these I have met 

 with examples. 



Transversus menti (Santorini) ; faisceau sous-sympJiysien (Cruveil- 

 hier). — This band of muscular fibres prolonged from the antero-inter- 

 nal part of the triangularis menti, meets a similar one from the opposite 

 side in the mesial line. On its presence the existence of a ''double-chin" 

 depends. I have found it in three cases out of eleven in which it was 



