Knott — On Muscular Anomalies. 631 



in length being from half to one inch. In one case a tendinous slip 

 from the upper end of the fleshy fibres produced the insertion as far 

 as the umbilicus : the tendinous segment was in this case about one- 

 third the whole length. It occurred on the right side. In one case a 

 tendinous inscription was found to cross the muscle about its middle ; 

 its development was bilateral, and the inscriptions on the same hori- 

 zontal level. In another case, not included in the above number, I 

 have seen a tendinous intersection on one side. The length of the 

 muscle varies within wide limits, and, in my experience, ranges from 

 little more than one-fourth of tbe distance between the pubis and 

 umbilicus to two-thirds of that space. The breadth similarly varies 

 from one-third of that of the pubic crest to the whole width of the 

 latter. 



The muscle is, in some cases, easily separated into two or three 

 fasciculi ; but I do not think that these deserve the name of double, 

 triple, or quadruple pyramidales, such as have been occasionally 

 described by anatomists, and from, I have no doubt, similar ap- 

 pearances 



Cremaster. — The only variation of this muscle which I have noted 

 is an origin almost wholly continuous with the lower fibres of the 

 transversalis abdominis. 



Puho-peritonealis (Macalister) ; pubo-transversalis (Krause). — I 

 have in one subject found a delicate band of muscular fibres, cor- 

 responding in position to the anomalous muscle described under the 

 above name by Professor Macalister. It arose from the ilio-pectineal 

 line behind Gimbernat's ligament, and passed obliquely upwards 

 towards the middle line, between the transversalis muscle and fascia, 

 to within two inches of the umbilicus. It passed in front of the deep 

 epigastric artery, and was inserted into the fascia transversalis. 



Qiiadratus Imnhorum {Scalenus lumhorum of Meyer). — According to 

 C. Krause, the anterior portion of this muscle has normally an attach- 

 ment to the body of the twelfth dorsal vertebrae. This observation 

 does not accord with my experience ; but this vertebral attachment 

 did exist in eight, out of thirty specimens, in which it was specially 

 searched for. The slip passed upwards and inwards in front of the 

 twelfth rib, and below and nearly parallel to the eleventh intercostal 

 nerve. In two cases (not included in the above number) I have 

 found a slip to the eleventh dorsal vertebra, and, in three instances, 

 slips to both eleventh and twelfth co-existed. In one subject a slip 

 passed to the lower border of the eleventh rib. 



Levator ani {levator intestini recti; diapliragma pelvis). — This 

 muscle seldom presents any notable anomalies. An inferior slip of 

 occasional occurrence is mentioned by W. Krause, passing separately 

 backwards to the anus, sometimes above the transversus perinaei 

 superficialis, and, in other cases, above the transversus p. profundus. 

 I have once seen a band of fibres answering to the description in the 

 last-named position. 



Coccygeus. — This muscle, the rudimentary homologue of the m. 



