Sciiaijkf. Seymour, and Nkwton- — Castlepook Cave. H7 



bones (probably drifted out of the higher sand-beds), it only contained fox- 

 earth bones. 



Huge earthfalls, intrusions from roof-fissures, occupy .some of the west 

 and nearly the whole of the south side of the hall. In removing some of the 

 latter we found dark, wet earth, lumps of charcoal, and teeth of horse and 

 ox — all foreign to the cave. The passage (5 to 5a) that leads from the 

 Hyiena Hall to the Elephant Hall has the upper stalagmite sheet very close 

 to the roof. It had also a lower stalagmite floor of later formation. 



The Elephant Hall (5a, 6a, 6, 11), so called from the shoulder-blade of a 

 Mammoth, the first bone of that animal found by us. This hall is divided 

 into three portions by walls or masses of rock that formerly divided separate 

 galleries. The principal of these, which starts from the eastern division, is 

 the Long Gallery, which extends some 120 feet, and is the linest in the cave. 

 Another short, descending gallery leads from an alcove in the east wall of 

 the hall, and after a turn, made by a cross-gallery, opens into the abyss. The 

 eastern wall of the Elephant Hall is undermined, and seems unaccountably 

 supported, as a large crack separates it from the roof, similar to what we 

 noticed in the Hyaena Hall. Running north from the above alcove is a very 

 small gallery, in which we discovered a skull of Mammoth in sand and 

 rubble that partially tilled it, and in a cavity communicating with this was 

 the hip-bone. Other bones were in the neighbouring lower stalagmite, 

 which floored much of this and the next division of the hall, and rested on 

 a bed of dark sand. This sand contained broken masses of older stalagmite, 

 with skulls of Bear and Reindeer. About a foot under it was buried another 

 stalagmite floor, which, though broken, seemed to be in situ. Under this 

 again was a paler sand. We encountered a huge mass of limestone covered 

 with the former stalagmite that contained Mammoth's bones. This mass 

 may have been the eastern wall of the Long Gallery, which had fallen down 

 before the bones were deposited, as a rib of the Elephant was embedded on 

 top of it. All that remains of the Long Gallery here, before we cuine to the 

 fallen rock called the Tortoise (6), is the apex in the roof and the deep trench 

 which is cut in a bed of the harder rock that dips to t he north. A similar 

 sloping rock-bed, with the trench excavated in it, was found in the next 

 division of this hall, indicating a gallery whuse tunnel-structure and sides 

 are gone. Here the rock was buried deep under a bed of varied inter- 

 stratitied sands, which yielded no bones but those of Rabbit, Fox, and the 

 prey of the latter. A rock-mass of fallen roof, 11 feet by 7 feet, lay over it. 

 The vicinity of the north wall, however, produced Mammoth, Bear, and 

 Reindeer, some bones being cemented to it. The western or third division 

 of the Elephant Hall is encumbered with huge fallen masses of the roof, but 



